基于北斗短报文的无网络多事件定位方法

Network-Free Multi-Event Location Method Based on BeiDou Short Message

摘要: 研究针对森林、自然保护区等无公共移动网络覆盖区域中，对人员入侵、野生动物活动及火灾等多种风险事件进行及时定位和信息回传的难题，提出了一种基于北斗短报文的无网络多事件定位与告警方法。该方法的核心是一种事件驱动的通信机制：前端设备在检测到特定事件后才触发通信，仅上报关键信息，以此避免连续传输带来的高功耗和带宽占用。研究设计了一种紧凑的16字节数据帧结构，通过对事件类型、设备标识、地理位置和时间信息进行编码与封装，以适应北斗短报文在载荷长度和发送频率上的限制。通过数值仿真和野外实地测试，论文验证了该方法的通信成功率、功耗、定位精度和系统稳定性。实验结果表明，该方法在复杂环境中能实现高可靠性(>99.9%成功率)和低功耗(日均14.8 mAh)的事件上报，定位误差稳定在8.6米以内，证明了其在无网络环境下进行生态保护和应急预警的实用价值。

Abstract: To address the challenge of timely localization and information transmission for various risk events—such as human intrusion, wildlife activities, and fires—in areas lacking public mobile network coverage like forests and nature reserves, this study proposes a network-free multi-event localization and alarm method based on BeiDou short messages. The core of this method lies in an event-driven communication mechanism: front-end devices trigger communication only upon detecting specific events and exclusively report critical information, thereby avoiding the excessive power consumption and bandwidth occupation associated with continuous data transmission. A compact 16-byte data frame structure is designed by encoding and encapsulating event types, device identifiers, geographic locations, and temporal information, specifically tailored to accommodate the payload length and transmission frequency constraints of BeiDou short messages. Through numerical simulations and field tests, this paper evaluates the method’s communication success rate, power consumption, positioning accuracy, and system stability. Experimental results indicate that this method achieves highly reliable (>99.9% success rate) and low-power (14.8 mAh daily average) event reporting in complex environments, with positioning errors stabilized within 8.6 meters. This demonstrates its substantial practical value for ecological conservation and emergency early warning in network-free environments.