精神分裂症的中西医治疗现状与研究进展

Current Status and Research Progress of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Treatment for Schizophrenia

摘要: 精神分裂症是一种复杂的、慢性的精神障碍疾病，严重影响患者的认知、情感和行为功能。精神分裂症的病因尚未完全明确，多与遗传、神经发育异常与心理有关。在全球范围内，精神分裂症的患病率约为0.7%，常见于18~34岁的人群。目前，西医治疗主要采用抗精神病药物进行治疗，虽在控制症状方面取得了显著成效，但对认知功能缺损等方面的改善有限，且药物不良反应和治疗依从性问题仍是临床面临的巨大挑战。中医认为，精神分裂症属“癫狂”的范畴，在改善患者机体功能、减轻药物副作用等方面发挥出独特的优势。本文系统综述精神分裂症的中西医治疗现状及近年研究进展，系统梳理精神分裂症的西医、中医治疗的现状，深入探讨中医药治疗精神分裂症的机制，展望未来中西医治疗模式的发展方向。

Abstract: Schizophrenia is a complex and chronic mental disorder that severely affects patients’ cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functions. The etiology of schizophrenia is not fully understood, and it is often related to genetics, neurodevelopmental abnormalities, and psychology. Globally, the prevalence of schizophrenia is approximately 0.7%, and it is commonly seen in people aged 18~34 years. Western medicine mainly relies on antipsychotic drugs for treatment, which have achieved significant results in controlling symptoms, but have limited improvement in cognitive dysfunction and other aspects. Furthermore, adverse drug reactions and treatment compliance issues remain significant challenges in clinical practice. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) believes that schizophrenia falls under the category of “mania” and has unique advantages in improving patients’ bodily functions and reducing drug side effects. This article systematically reviews the current status and recent research progress of TCM and Western medicine in the treatment of schizophrenia, systematically summarizes the current status of TCM and Western medicine treatments for schizophrenia, deeply explores the mechanisms of TCM in treating schizophrenia, and looks forward to the future development direction of TCM and Western medicine treatment models.