基于液性指数和孔隙比的西安地区黄土剪切强度试验研究
Experimental Study on Shear Strength of Loess in Xi’an Area Based on Liquidity Index and Void Ratio
DOI: 10.12677/hjce.2026.156163, PDF,   
作者: 张 衡, 张 耀：西京学院，陕西省混凝土结构安全与耐久性重点实验室，陕西 西安
关键词: 黄土；三轴试验；液性指数；孔隙比；剪切强度；Loess； Triaxial Test； Liquidity Index； Void Ratio； Shear Strength
摘要: 为定量评价西安地区黄土的力学特性，本文以西安市长安区的晚更新世(Q3)黄土为研究对象，开展了激光粒度分析及不同物理状态下的三轴固结不排水剪切试验(CU)。通过分析粒度分布特征，系统探讨了液性指数(IL)与孔隙比(e)对原状土及重塑土应力–应变关系与抗剪强度参数(c, φ)的影响规律。结果表明：西安黄土属级配良好土，其剪切性状受IL与围压耦合影响显著；随IL升高和e增大，黏聚力与内摩擦角均呈减小趋势，且IL对强度的衰减作用更具物理代表性。基于试验数据建立了剪切强度与IL、e的数学预测模型，实现了不同水力和结构状态下强度的定量估算。研究结果可为西安地区黄土工程参数选取及边坡稳定性评价提供参考。
Abstract: To quantitatively evaluate the mechanical properties of loess in Xi’an area, this paper focuses on typical Late Pleistocene (Q3) loess from Chang’an District, Xi’an City, conducting laser particle size analysis and triaxial consolidated undrained shear tests (CU) under different physical conditions. By analyzing the particle size distribution characteristics, the influence of the liquidity index (IL) and void ratio (e) on the stress-strain relationship and shear strength parameters (c, φ) of undisturbed and remolded soils was systematically investigated. The results show that Xi’an loess is a well-graded soil, and its shear properties are significantly affected by the coupling of IL and confining pressure. With increasing IL and e, both cohesion and internal friction angle decrease, and the attenuation effect of IL on strength is more physically representative. Based on the experimental data, a mathematical prediction model of shear strength with IL and e was established, enabling quantitative estimation of strength under different hydraulic and structural conditions. The research results can provide a reference for the selection of engineering parameters and slope stability evaluation of loess in Xi’an area.
文章引用：张衡, 张耀. 基于液性指数和孔隙比的西安地区黄土剪切强度试验研究[J]. 土木工程, 2026, 15(6): 130-140. https://doi.org/10.12677/hjce.2026.156163

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