失能老人非正式照护服务中的性别化负担研究

Study on Gendered Burden in Informal Care Services for Disabled Elderly

摘要: 随着我国人口老龄化持续深化，失能老人长期照护成为社会治理核心议题。在“居家为基础、社区为依托、机构为补充”的养老服务体系下，非正式照护仍是主导形式，且潜藏深刻的性别化分工与性别不平等问题。本研究以失能老人非正式照护服务为对象，剖析照护服务性别化差异、性别化照护负担的形成机制与表现，从照护者与被照护者双重视角探究照护负担多维构成及影响路径。研究发现，女性是核心照护主体，承受身体、心理、经济及社会参与层面的多重困境，被照护者也存在差异化负担。基于此，本研究从多维度提出对策，为构建性别友好型老年照护政策体系、完善老龄社会治理提供支撑。

Abstract: With the continuous deepening of population aging in China, long-term care for disabled elderly has become a core issue in social governance. Under the elderly care service system based on home care, supported by community care and supplemented by institutional care, informal care remains the dominant form, which hides profound gendered division of labor and gender inequality. Taking informal care services for disabled elderly as the research object, this study analyzes the gender differences in care services and the formation mechanism and performance of gendered care burden, and explores the multi-dimensional composition and influence path of care burden from the dual perspectives of caregivers and care recipients. The study finds that women are the core care subjects, bearing multiple predicaments in physical, psychological, economic and social participation aspects, and care recipients also have differentiated burdens. Based on this, this study puts forward countermeasures from multiple dimensions to provide support for building a gender-friendly elderly care policy system and improving the governance of aging society.