社区老年人营养状况与认知功能的相关性研究

Study on the Correlation between Nutritional Status and Cognitive Function of Elderly People in the Community

摘要: 目的：探讨社区老年人营养状况与认知功能之间的相关性，为开展以营养干预为基础的社区认知功能促进策略提供依据。方法：采用横断面调查设计，于2025年4月至12月对湖南省邵阳市364名≥60岁社区老年人进行问卷调查。使用一般资料问卷、微型营养评估简表(MNA-SF)和简易智能精神状态检查量表(MMSE)收集数据，采用SPSS26.0进行统计分析，包括t检验、χ²检验、Pearson相关分析和二元Logistic回归分析。结果：364名老年人中，MMSE异常者55人(15.1%)。MNA-SF总分与MMSE总分呈正相关(r = 0.329, P < 0.001)。Logistic回归分析显示，MNA-SF得分越高，患轻度认知障碍的风险越低(OR = 0.725, 95% CI: 0.627~0.839, P < 0.001)。结论：社区老年人营养状况与认知功能显著相关，改善营养状况可能有助于降低认知功能异常风险。建议在社区层面开展营养状况提升干预，以促进老年人认知健康。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the correlation between nutritional status and cognitive function in elderly people in the community, and to provide evidence for developing community-based cognitive function promotion strategies grounded in nutritional intervention. Method: A cross-sectional survey design was adopted from April to December 2025; a questionnaire survey was conducted among 364 community elderly aged 60 and above in Shaoyang City, Hunan Province. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, the Mini-Nutrient Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF), and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0, including t-tests, χ² tests, Pearson correlation analysis, and binary logistic regression analysis. Results: Among the 364 elderly individuals, 55 (15.1%) had abnormal MMSE scores. There was a positive correlation between the total MNA-SF score and the total MMSE score (r = 0.329, P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that a higher MNA-SF score was associated with a lower risk of mild cognitive impairment (OR = 0.725,95% CI:0.627~0.839, P < 0.001). Conclusion: The nutritional status of community elderly is significantly correlated with cognitive function, and improving nutritional status may help reduce the risk of cognitive dysfunction. It is recommended to implement nutritional status improvement interventions at the community level to promote cognitive health among the elderly.