网络不正当竞争行为法律适用问题研究——兼论《反不正当竞争法》相关条款的修订

A Study on the Application of Law to Unfair Competition Behaviors on the Internet—With a Discussion on the Revision of Relevant Provisions of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law

摘要: 数字经济蓬勃发展催生大量新型网络不正当竞争行为，其类型化界定与法律适用难题成为《反不正当竞争法》实施的核心议题。本文梳理网络不正当竞争行为类型化的学理探索与立法实践，剖析该类行为因互联网技术迭代迅速、表现形式多变、传统不正当竞争行为线上异化延伸等特性引发的类型化困境。结合现行法互联网专条的司法适用现状，揭示类型化立法模式适配性不足、一般条款与互联网专条适用边界模糊、兜底条款适用泛化等现实问题。通过评析2024年《反不正当竞争法》互联网专条的修订内容，明确数据、算法、平台规则等新型要素的规制价值。最终提出明晰条款适用衔接、对互联网专条作目的性限缩解释、细化兜底条款、强化立法前瞻性设计等优化路径，为精准规制网络不正当竞争行为、维护互联网市场公平竞争秩序提供理论支撑。

Abstract: The vigorous development of the digital economy has given rise to a large number of new types of online unfair competition behaviors. The classification and legal application of these behaviors have become the core issues in the implementation of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law. This paper reviews the theoretical exploration and legislative practice of the classification of online unfair competition behaviors, and analyzes the classification difficulties caused by the rapid iteration of Internet technology, the diverse forms of expression, and the online extension and transformation of traditional unfair competition behaviors. By combining the current judicial application status of the Internet-specific provisions in the current law, it reveals the problems such as the insufficient adaptability of the classification legislative model, the ambiguous application boundaries between general provisions and Internet-specific provisions, and the overgeneralization of the application of catch-all provisions. Through the evaluation of the revision content of the Internet-specific provisions in the 2024 Anti-Unfair Competition Law, it clarifies the regulatory value of new elements such as data, algorithms, and platform rules. Finally, it proposes optimization paths such as clarifying the application connection of provisions, making purpose-limited interpretations of Internet-specific provisions, refining catch-all provisions, and strengthening the forward-looking design of legislation, providing theoretical support for the precise regulation of online unfair competition behaviors and maintaining the fair competition order in the Internet market.