商业秘密视域下商业数据的保护边界与路径构建

Protection Boundaries and Pathway Construction for Commercial Data from the Perspective of Trade Secrets

摘要: 数据要素在推动产业发展中起着至关重要的作用，且其商业价值使得数据侵权行为频繁发生。在这种背景下，利用商业秘密保护数据符合促进经济发展的法治趋势。然而，从目前的司法实践来看，商业秘密的保护范围对于数据的适用较为有限，且由于数据和算法的界定模糊，司法机关往往无法直接判定其是否受到保护。对于超出商业秘密保护范围的公开数据集合，需通过转换公开数据为秘密信息的方式，纳入保护，避免竞争者借机“搭便车”。因此，完善数据商业秘密保护的法律框架，有助于激励数据的深入开发与利用，同时促进数据流通和共享，为建立全面的数据权益保护体系提供基础。

Abstract: Data elements play a crucial role in driving industrial development, and their commercial value has led to frequent occurrences of data infringement. Against this backdrop, protecting data through trade secret law aligns with the rule-of-law trend of promoting economic development. However, judicial practice reveals that the scope of trade secret protection is relatively limited when applied to data. Moreover, due to ambiguous definitions of data and algorithms, judicial authorities often cannot directly determine whether such subject matter is protectable. For publicly available data sets that fall outside the scope of trade secret protection, they should be brought under protection by converting public data into confidential information, so as to prevent competitors from “free-riding”. Therefore, improving the legal framework for the trade secret protection of data will help incentivize the in-depth development and utilization of data, facilitate data circulation and sharing, and lay the foundation for establishing a comprehensive system for the protection of data rights and interests.