认知语言学视域下莫言《生死疲劳》中乡土语言的法译策略研究

A Study on French Translation Strategies of Local Dialects in Mo Yan’s Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out from the Perspective of Cognitive Linguistics

摘要: 本研究以莫言魔幻现实主义代表作《生死疲劳》为研究对象，聚焦其乡土语言在法国学者尚德兰译本(La dure loi du karma)中的翻译策略。基于认知语言学“意象重构”“概念整合”“概念隐喻”理论，将乡土语言划分为方言词汇、民俗仪式语言、文化隐喻三类，通过文献研究法、案例分析法、实证研究法、比较研究法，对典型案例进行深度剖析，量化分析翻译策略的应用效果。研究发现，尚德兰主要采用“直译 + 注释”“文化补偿”“语义浓缩”“语义补充”四类策略，分别适配不同类型的乡土语言；据此提出“动态适应”翻译原则，即根据语言类型、文化内涵强度、读者认知习惯动态选择策略。本研究将认知语言学理论系统应用于《生死疲劳》法乡土语言法译的系统性个案研究，构建三维实证体系，为中国乡土文学外译提供理论参考与实践指导，助力中华文化走出去。

Abstract: This study takes Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out, a representative work of Mo Yan’s magical realism, as the research object, and focuses on the translation strategies of its local vernacular language in the French version La dure loi du karma translated by French scholar Chantal Chen-Andro. Based on the cognitive linguistic theories of “image reconstruction”, “conceptual integration” and “conceptual metaphor”, this study categorizes local vernacular language into three types: dialectal words, folk ritual language and cultural metaphors. Adopting multiple research methods including literature research, case analysis, empirical research and comparative research, it conducts in-depth analysis on typical cases and quantitatively evaluates the application effects of translation strategies. The study finds that Noël Dutrait mainly adopts four translation strategies, namely “literal translation plus annotation”, “cultural compensation”, “semantic condensation” and “semantic supplementation”, which are respectively adapted to different types of local vernacular language. On this basis, it puts forward the “dynamic adaptation” translation principle, which means dynamically selecting translation strategies according to language type, intensity of cultural connotation and readers’ cognitive habits. This study systematically applies cognitive linguistic theories to a systematic case study on the French translation of local vernacular language in Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out, and constructs a three-dimensional empirical system. It provides theoretical references and practical guidance for the foreign translation of Chinese rural literature, and facilitates Chinese culture to go global.