烤烟烟叶含水率、砂土率、碎片率、含梗率对烟叶质量的影响

Effects of Moisture Content, Sand and Soil Content, Fragment Rate, and Stem Content on Tobacco Leaf Quality in Flue-Cured Tobacco

摘要: 为明确曲靖地区烤烟烟叶含水率、砂土率、碎片率、含梗率对烟叶质量及加工特性的影响，优化烟叶收购标准与复烤工艺。方法：以2025年曲靖地区1383条工商交接检测数据为材料，按品种、产地、等级分层，采用描述性统计、单因素方差分析及Duncan多重比较，分析四项指标分布特征及其与烟叶质量的关联规律。结果：1) 含水率：云烟121最高(16.8%)，红大最低(16.2%)；下部叶(X组)显著高于上部叶(B组，p < 0.05)。2) 砂土率：宣威市(0.27%)、富源县(0.26%)显著偏高，麒麟区最低(0.18%, p < 0.05)；呈X组 > C组 > B组(p < 0.05)。3) 碎片率：师宗县最高(0.025%)，马龙区最低(0.020%)；X3F达0.026%，显著高于多数等级(p < 0.05)。4) 含梗率：云烟121最高(36.1%)，陆良县最低(33.4%)；呈X组 > C组 > B组(p < 0.05)。结论：在2025年曲靖地区工商交接样本中，四项物理指标与烟叶品种、产地、部位、等级密切相关；低等级及下部叶质量表现较差。研究结果仅适用于曲靖地区，可为当地烟叶收购与复烤工艺优化提供参考。

Abstract: The aim was to clarify the effects of moisture content, sand and soil content, fragment rate, and stem content on the quality and processability of flue-cured tobacco in Qujing, so as to optimize purchasing standards and redrying technology. Methods: A total of 1383 industrial-commercial transfer records in Qujing (2025) were analyzed by variety, origin, and grade. Descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and Duncan’s multiple range test were conducted. Results: 1) Moisture content: Yunyan 121 had the highest value (16.8%), while Hongda had the lowest (16.2%); lower leaves (Group X) were significantly higher than upper leaves (Group B, p<0.05). 2) Sand content: Xuanwei City (0.27%) and Fuyuan County (0.26%) were significantly higher, and Qilin District was the lowest (0.18%, p < 0.05), showing Group X > C > B (p < 0.05). 3) Fragment rate: Shizong County was the highest (0.025%), Malong District was the lowest (0.020%); X3F reached 0.026%, significantly higher than most grades (p < 0.05). 4) Stem content: Yunyan 121 was the highest (36.1%), Luliang County was the lowest (33.4%), showing Group X > C > B (p < 0.05). Conclusion: For the 2025 Qujing dataset, the four physical indicators were closely related to variety, origin, stalk position, and grade; lower-grade and lower-position leaves performed poorly. The results are applicable only to the Qujing region and can provide a reference for local tobacco purchasing and drying optimization.