尿常规沉渣镜检规范化操作在基层门诊常见病筛查中的应用

Standardized Procedure of Urine Routine Sediment Microscopy in Screening of Common Diseases in Primary Outpatient Clinics

摘要: 尿常规沉渣镜检是基层门诊最基础、最便捷的尿液检验项目，通过显微镜观察尿液中细胞、管型、结晶、微生物等沉渣成分，可直接反映泌尿系统及全身多系统的生理与病理状态，是泌尿系统感染、肾炎、糖尿病肾病等基层常见病筛查、鉴别诊断及病情监测的核心手段。基层门诊作为群众就医的“第一道窗口”，承担着常见病初筛、健康监测的重要职责，但受检验人员专业素养、操作流程、设备条件等因素限制，尿常规沉渣镜检操作不规范问题普遍存在，导致漏诊、误诊频发，影响临床诊疗的科学性与有效性。

Abstract: Urine routine sediment microscopic examination is the most basic and convenient urine test item in primary outpatient clinics. By observing the sediment components such as cells, casts, crystals, and microorganisms in urine through a microscope, it can directly reflect the physiological and pathological conditions of the urinary system and multiple systemic organs. It is the core method for screening, differential diagnosis, and monitoring the condition of common diseases such as urinary system infections, nephritis, and diabetic nephropathy in primary outpatient clinics. As the “first window” for the public to seek medical treatment, primary outpatient clinics undertake the important responsibilities of initial screening of common diseases and health monitoring. However, due to factors such as the professional quality of the inspectors, operation procedures, and equipment conditions, the non-standard operation of urine routine sediment microscopic examination is widespread, resulting in frequent missed diagnoses and misdiagnoses, which affects the scientificity and effectiveness of clinical diagnosis and treatment.