铆接机气缸支座可靠性分析及优化设计

Reliability Analysis and Optimization Design of the Cylinder Support for Riveting Machine

摘要: 铆接机气缸支座是设备承受支撑力与安装定位的关键部件，受到气缸推力和冲击载荷的作用，易发生应力集中、疲劳开裂与刚度不足等问题，直接影响铆接精度与整机设备可靠性。为提升气缸支座的工作性能与使用寿命，本文以某型铆接机气缸支座为研究对象，开展可靠性分析与结构优化设计。对气缸支座进行载荷分析，得到其受力载荷。建立支座三维模型并完成有限元模型的简化与网格划分，通过静力学分析获取支座应力与变形分布，得到薄弱部位。基于应力–强度干涉理论与蒙特卡洛方法，对支座进行可靠性分析。发现支座的可靠性不足，需要对其进行优化。采用布局优化的方式，以降低最大应力、提高可靠度为目标，完成结构优化设计。结果表明：优化后支座最大等效应力降低15.9%，最大变形减小18.4%，强度可靠度由0.9567提升至0.9998，显著提升了气缸支座的可靠性与稳定性，可为铆接机同类部件的设计与优化提供参考。

Abstract: The cylinder support of a riveting machine is a critical component for load-bearing and mounting positioning. During long-term operation, it is subjected to cylinder thrust, riveting impact, and alternating loads, making it susceptible to stress concentration, fatigue cracking, and insufficient stiffness, which directly compromise riveting precision and equipment reliability. To enhance the operational performance and service life of the support, this paper conducts a reliability analysis and structural optimization design for a specific type of riveting machine cylinder support. Firstly, a load analysis is performed to define the action forms of self-weight, cylinder thrust, and impact loads. Secondly, a three-dimensional (3D) model is established, followed by the simplification and meshing of the finite element model. Subsequently, static finite element analysis (FEA) is conducted to obtain the stress and deformation distribution, thereby identifying structural weak points. Based on the stress-strength interference theory and the Monte Carlo method, the reliability analysis is executed to calculate the strength reliability of the support. Finally, taking wall thickness, reinforcement rib dimensions, and transition fillets as design variables, the structural optimization is completed using an optimization algorithm, aiming to minimize maximum stress and maximize reliability. The results indicate that after optimization, the maximum equivalent stress is reduced by 15.9%, and the maximum deformation is decreased by 18.4%. The strength reliability is improved from 0.9567 to 0.9998. This study significantly enhances the reliability and stability of the cylinder support and provides a valuable reference for the design and optimization of similar components in riveting machinery.