原发性肝癌不同分期的研究进展

Research Progress on Primary Liver Cancer at Different Stages

摘要: 在恶性肿瘤的临床诊疗与基础研究全过程中，肿瘤分期始终占据着不可或缺的核心地位，其不仅直接关联着肿瘤的早期诊断准确性、治疗方案的科学制定，更对患者预后评估、病情进展监测有着重要的指导意义。同时，在统一、规范的肿瘤分期基础上，临床医师与科研工作者能够更高效地开展病例对照研究、疗效分析及预后随访等相关科研工作，推动恶性肿瘤诊疗领域的规范化发展与技术革新。原发性肝癌在全身恶性肿瘤的发病率中位居第六，同时是造成癌症相关死亡的第三大重要病因，因其具有高度复杂的生物学特性，包括异质性强、侵袭性高、发病机制复杂等，导致其未能像肺癌、胃癌等其他常见恶性肿瘤那样，形成一个全球公认、最优且能被临床广泛接受和推广的统一分期系统。通过汇总国内外已发表的相关文献，文章系统归纳了原发性肝癌常用不同的分期标准的研究进展，同时对其后续优化与应用前景作出展望。

Abstract: Tumor staging is central to the clinical diagnosis, treatment and basic research of malignant neoplasms. It profoundly affects the accuracy of early diagnosis, the scientifically informed formulation of therapeutic regimens, as well as the prognosis evaluation and disease monitoring of cancer patients. Standardized tumor staging also enables clinicians and researchers to efficiently carry out case-control studies, curative effect analysis and prognostic follow-up, promoting the standardization and technological progress of tumor diagnosis and treatment. Primary liver cancer is the sixth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Due to its strong heterogeneity, high invasiveness and complex pathogenesis, there is no globally recognized, clinically optimal, and widely accepted unified staging system for primary liver cancer, which differs from lung cancer, gastric cancer and other common tumors. Based on domestic and international published literature, this review systematically summarizes the research progress of mainstream staging criteria for primary liver cancer and discusses their optimization and application prospects.