祁门方言“掉”的语法化与主观化研究——兼与普通话比较

Grammaticalization and Subjectification of “diao” in Qimen Dialect—With a Comparison to Mandarin

摘要: 本文考察祁门方言“掉”的语法化与主观化现象。研究发现：“掉”的语法化路径为结果补语→完整体标记→主观完成标记，其分布受“可控任务 vs 自然变化”认知范畴制约，修正了前人“积极/消极”分类，与普通话相比，祁门方言“掉”语法化程度更高，发展出句末体标记和主观评价功能，主观化动因包括句末位置固化、“总算/终于”高频共现诱发的语用推理、语义滞留及系统背景。本研究为汉语方言主观化提供了新案例。

Abstract: This paper investigates the grammaticalization and subjectification of diao in the Qimen dialect. The findings reveal that the grammaticalization path of diao follows the trajectory: resultative complement → perfective marker → subjective perfective marker. Its distribution is constrained by the cognitive category of “controllable task vs. natural change”, refining the previous “positive/negative” classification. Compared with Mandarin, the Qimen dialect exhibits a higher degree of grammaticalization, having developed a sentence-final perfective marker and a subjective evaluative function. The driving factors of subjectification include the fixation of the sentence-final position, pragmatic inference induced by the high-frequency co-occurrence with zongsuan/zhongyu (finally), semantic persistence, and systemic background. This study provides a new case study for subjectification in Chinese dialects.