基于HIAD2.2数据库的输氢管道风险因素研究

Research on Risk Factors of Hydrogen Transmission Pipelines Based on the HIAD2.2 Database

摘要: 本研究基于欧洲HySafe网络开发的氢气事件与事故数据库(HIAD 2.2)，采用初步危害分析(PreHA)方法，对过去50年间记录的44起输氢管道事故进行了系统的风险评估。研究首先对事故数据进行了统计分析，包括事故的年度分布、国家分布、原因分类和后果类型。分析发现，火灾是氢气管道事故最主要的后果，而材料/制造缺陷和管理因素是主要的已知原因。随后，研究运用PreHA框架，识别并评估了几个关键危害因素，包括腐蚀与材料降解(评级为1A，灾难性且频繁)、焊接问题(评级为1B，灾难性且可能)、机械完整性与操作故障(2C)、自然灾害(1D)以及土木与建筑工程(3D)。研究旨在揭示导致氢气管道事故的关键风险因素，并强调持续改进安全管理实践的重要性，为发展可持续氢经济提供安全保障。

Abstract: This study conducted a systematic risk assessment of 44 hydrogen pipeline accidents recorded over the past 50 years, using the Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PreHA) method and data from the Hydrogen Incident and Accident Database (HIAD 2.2) developed by the European HySafe network. A statistical analysis was first performed on the accident data, covering annual distribution, country distribution, cause classification, and consequence type. The analysis revealed that fire is the predominant consequence of hydrogen pipeline accidents, while material/manufacturing defects and management factors are the main known causes. Subsequently, the PreHA framework was applied to identify and evaluate several key hazard factors, including corrosion and material degradation (rated 1A, catastrophic and frequent), welding issues (rated 1B, catastrophic and probable), mechanical integrity and operational failure (2C), natural hazards (1D), and civil and construction works (3D). This research aims to identify the critical risk factors contributing to hydrogen pipeline accidents and emphasize the importance of continuous improvement in safety management practices, thereby providing safety assurance for the development of a sustainable hydrogen economy.