重庆市中考英语阅读理解测试的内容效度研究——以2020年~2024年(A卷)为例

A Study on Content Validity of English Reading Comprehension Tests in Senior High School Entrance Examination of Chongqing—Taking Paper A from 2020 to 2024 as an Example

摘要: 本研究以重庆市2020~2024年中考英语阅读理解测试(A卷)为研究对象，基于《义务教育英语课程标准（2022年版）》要求，运用Bachman和Palmer的语言测试任务特征模型，从语篇输入和预期回答两个维度对其内容效度进行分析。研究发现，重庆市中考英语阅读理解试题整体符合课标要求，题材涵盖“人与社会”“人与自然”“人与自我”三大主题领域，词汇量呈增长趋势，生词量控制合理，易读度适中，命题科学合理，内容效度较高。然而，也存在题材、体裁分布不均衡、高阶思维题数量不足等问题。针对这些问题，本研究提出优化题材分布，丰富体裁类型，强化高阶思维考查，规范命题机制等建议，以进一步提升试题内容效度，促进学生综合语言运用能力的发展。

Abstract: This study takes the comprehension test (Paper A) of Chongqing Municipal Junior High School English Entrance Examination from 2020 to 2024 as the object. Based on the requirements of the Compulsory Education English Curriculum Standards (2022 Edition), it employs Bachman and Palmer’s language testing task characteristics model to analyze the content validity of the test from two dimensions: discourse input and expected responses. The study finds that the comprehension questions of Junior High School English Entrance Examination generally meet the curriculum standards. The topics cover the three major thematic areas of “people and society”, “people and nature”, and “people and self”. The vocabulary volume shows an increasing trend, the number of unfamiliar words is reasonably controlled, the readability is moderate, the test design is scientific and rational, and the content validity is relatively high. However, there are also some issues, such as imbalanced distribution of topics and genres, and insufficient number of questions that assess higher-order thinking skills. In response to these problems, this study proposes suggestions for optimizing the distribution of topics, enriching the types of genres, strengthening the assessment of higher-order thinking skills, and standardizing the test design mechanism, in order to further enhance the content validity of the test and promote the development of students’ comprehensive language application abilities.