农村老年妇女参与乡村治理的问题与实践路径研究

Research on the Issues and Practical Pathways of Rural Elderly Women’s Participation in Rural Governance

摘要: 在乡村人口老龄化与青壮年劳动力外流的双重背景下，农村老年妇女(本文界定为60周岁及以上、长期在农村居住的女性群体)已成为乡村治理中稳定在场、熟悉乡情、柔性亲和的关键主体，在乡风文明、矛盾调解、环境整治、邻里互助等领域发挥着不可替代的作用。当前农村老年妇女参与治理仍面临参与渠道窄、制度保障弱、能力供给不足、社会支持欠缺等现实困境，制约其治理效能与价值实现。立足基层治理现代化与乡村振兴实践，应从组织赋能、制度保障、能力提升、文化重塑、服务支撑五个维度构建系统化路径，激活农村老年妇女参与动能，推动其从“被动接受治理”转向“主动参与治理”，为乡村善治注入持久内生动力。

Abstract: Under the dual background of rural population aging and the outflow of young and middle-aged labor, rural elderly women as defined in this paper as women aged 60 and above who reside in rural areas for a long time have become key subjects who are stably present, familiar with local conditions, and possess a gentle and approachable demeanor in rural governance. They play an irreplaceable role in areas such as rural civility, conflict mediation, environmental improvement, and neighborhood mutual assistance. At present, their participation in governance still faces practical dilemmas including narrow channels for participation, weak institutional safeguards, insufficient capacity support, and a lack of social support, which constrain their governance effectiveness and value realization. Based on the modernization of grassroots governance and the practice of rural revitalization, systematic pathways should be constructed from five dimensions: organizational empowerment, institutional safeguards, capacity building, cultural reshaping, and service support. This aims to activate the participation momentum of rural elderly women, promote their shift from “passive recipients of governance” to “active participants in governance”, and inject lasting endogenous impetus into good rural governance.