基于锥形束CT的上颌骨窦管解剖形态特征 研究进展

Research Progress on Anatomical and Morphological Characteristics of Canalis Sinuosus Based on Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

摘要: 上颌骨窦管(canalis sinuosus, CS)是上颌骨内包含上牙槽前神经血管束的重要骨性通道，其损伤易引发疼痛、出血等严重手术并发症，且在传统影像中易被误判。本研究基于锥形束CT影像学手段，系统阐述CS的解剖形态、流行病学及影像学特征。结果显示，CS分为0~III型，II型最为常见；人群检出率为36.5%~88%，存在种族、地域差异，男性检出率均高于女性，多呈双侧分布，弯曲走行；明确CS的形态学参数与临床风险关联，为口腔种植术等术前评估、术中操作及并发症防治提供理论依据。未来需开展标准化研究验证种族差异，完善副管分型，并优化影像学检测技术以提升临床应用价值。

Abstract: The canalis sinuosus (CS) is an important osseous canal located in the maxilla that contains the anterior superior alveolar neurovascular bundle. Injury to the CS is likely to induce severe surgical complications including pain and bleeding, and it is easily misidentified via conventional imaging modalities. Based on cone-beam computed tomography imaging techniques, this study systematically illustrates the anatomical morphology, epidemiological features and imaging manifestations of the CS. The results indicate that the CS can be categorized into Type 0 to Type III, with Type II being the most common type. The population detection rate of the CS ranges from 36.5% to 88%, presenting ethnic and regional discrepancies. Males show a higher detection rate than females, and the CS is mostly distributed bilaterally with a curved running direction. Clarifying the correlation between morphological parameters of the CS and clinical risks provides a theoretical basis for preoperative assessment, intraoperative manipulation and complication prevention and treatment in oral implant surgery and other related operations. In the future, standardized studies are required to verify ethnic differences, improve the classification of accessory canals, and optimize imaging detection technologies, so as to boost its clinical application value.