现代散打发展阶段的重构划分、演进逻辑与时代特征研究

A Study on the Reconstructed Periodization, Evolutionary Logic, and Era Characteristics of Modern Sanda’s Development Stages

摘要: 为把握现代散打由试验探索走向规则升级与国际平台协同发展的历史轨迹，文章以规则制度变迁、赛事平台层级变化、发展任务重心转换和组织环境调适为分析维度，引入体育化理论与制度同构理论，对现代散打发展阶段进行重构划分。研究认为，现代散打大体经历萌发探索期、制度建构期、成熟提升期和国际拓展期四个相对成型阶段；2020年以来的变化尚处于生成过程中，宜表述为“当前趋势与未来展望”。散打现代化并非单向度的成就累积，而是规则理性化、赛事平台嵌入与多元主体协同共同作用的结果，同时伴随规则精细化与技击特征保持、市场传播与项目自主性、国际传播与本土表达、组织推动与基层活力之间的张力。

Abstract: To grasp the historical trajectory of modern Sanda from experimental exploration to rule upgrading and international platform collaborative development, this paper uses rule and system changes, changes in the level of competition platforms, shifts in the focus of development tasks, and adjustments in the organizational environment as analytical dimensions. It introduces sportification theory and institutional isomorphism theory to reconstruct the development stages of modern Sanda. This study argues that modern Sanda (Chinese kickboxing) has generally gone through four relatively mature stages: the nascent exploration stage, the institutional construction stage, the mature improvement stage, and the international expansion stage. The changes since 2020 are still in the formative process and should be described as “current trends and future prospects”. The modernization of Sanda is not a one-dimensional accumulation of achievements, but rather the result of the combined effects of rule rationalization, the embedding of competition platforms, and the collaboration of multiple stakeholders. It is also accompanied by tensions between rule refinement and the maintenance of combat characteristics, market dissemination and project autonomy, international dissemination and local expression, and organizational promotion and grassroots vitality.