北京城墙遗址公园的保护利用与公共空间更新研究

Research on the Conservation, Utilization and Public Space Renewal of Beijing City Wall Relic Parks

摘要: 城墙遗址公园是历史文化遗产保护与城市公共空间建设相结合的重要类型。北京曾具有较完整的城垣体系，现存城墙遗址及其相关公园不仅保留了城市历史格局的片段，也承担着休闲游憩、文化展示和城市记忆传承等公共功能。本文以北京典型城墙遗址公园为研究对象，选取皇城根遗址公园、明城墙遗址公园、元大都城垣遗址公园和菖蒲河公园作为主要案例，采用文献分析、案例比较、空间指标整理和图像判读相结合的方法，从遗址保护、空间利用、景观展示和城市记忆表达四个方面分析其保护利用特征。研究认为，北京城墙遗址公园总体呈现出线性空间特征明显、绿地复合功能突出、遗址展示方式多样等特点，但也存在遗址本体识别度不足、历史叙事系统不完整、公共服务设施与文化展示衔接不够等问题。未来应在尊重遗址真实性和完整性的基础上，完善解说系统，优化慢行与休憩空间，强化历史信息的可读性，并推动城墙遗址公园从单一绿地空间向兼具遗产保护、公共生活和城市印象建构功能的复合型公共空间转变。

Abstract: City wall relic parks are an important type of urban public space that combines heritage conservation with contemporary park use. Beijing once had a relatively complete city wall system, and the remaining wall relics and related parks preserve fragments of the historical urban structure while also supporting leisure, cultural interpretation and the construction of urban memory. Taking Beijing as the research object, this paper selects four representative cases: Beijing Ming City Wall Relic Park, Yuan Dadu City Wall Relics Park, Huangchenggen Relic Park and Changpu River Park. Based on literature review, official public data, case comparison and image interpretation, the paper examines their conservation and utilization characteristics from four aspects: relic preservation, spatial form, public function and memory expression. The study finds that these parks show different forms of heritage presentation, including preserved wall remains, earthwork relics, symbolic reconstruction and water-system renewal. However, problems remain in the legibility of relic boundaries, the coherence of historical narratives, the integration of cultural interpretation with daily use, and interdepartmental management coordination. Future renewal should strengthen interpretation systems, improve walking and resting spaces, clarify historical spatial clues, and build a continuous network of city wall memory places.