多源数据融合的银川市老旧小区更新潜力评估与策略建议

Renewal Potential Assessment and Strategies of Old Residential Areas Using Multi-Source Data: A Case Study of Yinchuan

摘要: 基于城市整体进行老旧小区更新时序研究是老旧小区更新工作科学性与精准性的根本保证。论文以银川市为例，结合多源数据，基于内、外环境指标构建老旧小区更新潜力评估指标体系，借助熵权法、综合指数法评估城市整体的老旧小区更新潜力，并利用实地调研 结果和GIS方法识别老旧小区更新时序与更新类型。总体上，(1) 银川市50%以上的老旧小区迫切需要内部或外部环境更新，内、外环境同时需要更新的老旧小区为23个，约占62个老旧小区的37.1%；(2) 银川市老旧小区更新类型包括整体片区提升型、内部保守更新型、内部品质提升型与外部环境优化型4大类。此外，(3) 论文在潜力评估与实地调研基础上对4大类老旧小区提出了差异化更新策略，整体片区提升型小区以15分钟社区生活圈、完整社区理念引导整体片区更新；内部保守更新型小区侧重于从微更新视角以局部改造为主；内部品质提升型居住小区需要在现有环境基础上赋予绿色低碳、智慧化理念与路径，借助智能技术提升小区内部环境品质与功能；外部环境优化型需要城市发展的相关部门从设施、空间等资源总体布局上解决居住小区在游憩资源、基础教育服务等方面的空间不均衡问题。

Abstract: Renewal sequence research of old residential areas from the whole city is the scientific and accurate guarantee of old residential areas renewal practice. This study is an attempt study for Yinchuan city. Basing on multi-source data, an indicator system of internal and external environment indicators were established to express internal and external environmental quality, range method and comprehensive index method were used to measure the renewal potential. According to renewal potential measurement results, basic surveys and GIS techniques, the renewal sequence and types of old residential areas were recognized. As a whole, more than 50% of the old residential areas need urgent renewal for internal or external environment, and there are 23 old residential areas need renewal for both internal and external environment, with a proportion of 37.1% of the total. The old residential areas in Yinchuan can be grouped into four types, namely overall area improvement type, internal conservative improvement type, internal quality improvement type and external environment optimization type. Besides, this study has proposed targeted strategies for the four types. For overall area improvement type, 15-minute living cycle and complete community planning ideas should be involved. For internal conservative improvement type, micro-update should be used to partial modification. Green, low-carbon and intelligent concepts and paths should be considered for internal quality improvement type. For external environment optimization type, it needs relative departments to resolve the spatial balance problems of basic education facilities and recreational resources from the whole city development.