“老幼共融”的可能性：代际空间的社会建构与重构

The Possibility of “Intergenerational Integration”: The Social Construction and Reconstruction of Intergenerational Space

摘要: 现代城市社区中托幼与养老机构的空间隔离常被视为常态，但这并非社会演进的自然结果。基于空间社会学视角，本文提出“老幼分离”实为由现代城市功能分区、核心家庭化居住模式以及碎片化公共服务体制共同建构的社会现象。面对人口老龄化与少子化的双重结构转型压力，国内多地积极开展的老幼共托本土实践为代际关系的重塑提供了现实经验。基于此，本文深入剖析代际空间隔离的社会建构逻辑，客观梳理现阶段“老幼共融”在制度融合、服务运营与社会观念层面面临的现实挑战，从空间盘活、服务嵌合与认知迭代三个维度提出协同重构的可能路径，以期为“一老一小”社区综合照护模式的优化与相关政策创新提供理论参照。

Abstract: The spatial isolation of childcare and eldercare facilities in modern urban communities is often perceived as the norm, yet it is not a natural outcome of social evolution. Drawing upon the perspective of spatial sociology, this paper argues that “intergenerational isolation” is fundamentally a social phenomenon co-constructed by modern urban functional zoning, nuclear family residential patterns, and a fragmented public service system. Confronting the dual demographic pressures of an aging population and declining birth rates, the local practices of intergenerational shared care emerging across China offer practical insights into reshaping intergenerational relations. Accordingly, this paper thoroughly analyzes the social construction logic behind intergenerational spatial isolation and objectively outlines the practical challenges that “intergenerational integration” currently faces regarding institutional integration, service operations, and social perceptions. Furthermore, it proposes potential pathways for synergistic reconstruction across three dimensions: spatial revitalization, service integration, and conceptual shift. Ultimately, this study aims to provide a theoretical reference for optimizing comprehensive community care models for the elderly and children, as well as informing related policy innovations.