唯物史观视域下人口老龄化的成因、矛盾与实践路径探析

An Analysis of the Causes, Contradictions and Practical Paths of Population Aging from the Perspective of Historical Materialism

摘要: 人口老龄化在全球范围内有着不可逆转的社会发展趋势，更是我国新时代社会主要矛盾转化背景下面临的重要战略性议题。唯物史观作为马克思主义理论的核心组成部分，以社会存在决定社会意识、生产力与生产关系的矛盾运动、经济基础与上层建筑的辩证统一为核心逻辑，为解读人口老龄化的本质、剖析其形成机理、化解其衍生矛盾提供了科学的理论视角与方法论指导。本文基于唯物史观的基本原理，系统分析我国人口老龄化的历史必然性与现实成因，深入剖析老龄化进程中凸显的生产力与生产关系、经济基础与上层建筑之间的具体矛盾，最终结合我国国情，探索符合唯物史观要求、兼具针对性与可操作性的实践路径，为积极应对人口老龄化、推进老年友好型社会建设提供理论支撑与实践参考。

Abstract: Population aging represents an irreversible global trend of social development, and constitutes a major strategic issue against the background of the evolution of the principal contradiction facing Chinese society in the new era. As a core component of Marxist theory, historical materialism, centered on the logic that social being determines social consciousness, the contradictory movement of productive forces and relations of production, and the dialectical unity of the economic base and the superstructure, provides a scientific theoretical perspective and methodological guidance for interpreting the nature of population aging, analyzing its formation mechanism, and resolving the contradictions derived from it. Based on the basic principles of historical materialism, this paper systematically analyzes the historical inevitability and practical causes of population aging in China, deeply examines the specific contradictions between productive forces and relations of production, as well as between the economic base and the superstructure emerging in the process of aging, and finally explores practical paths that conform to the requirements of historical materialism with pertinence and operability in light of China’s national conditions, so as to provide theoretical support and practical references for actively responding to population aging and promoting the construction of an elderly-friendly society.