墨子思想对老年友好型社区建设的启示

The Implications of Mozi’s Thought for the Construction of Age-Friendly Communities

摘要: 我国人口老龄化趋势明显，有效应对养老问题成为国家的战略考量。老年友好社区建设是应对老龄化进程加快风险、保障老年人口养老问题、促进经济社会可持续发展的战略选择。我国老年友好型社区建设历经从无到有、从有到优的跨越式发展，取得巨大成就。但在现实的建设过程中，推动老年友好型社区从优到精的进一步发展面临重重的阻碍与挑战，具体包括情感联结弱化，社区伦理基础瓦解；互助机制不足，社区行动碎片化；主体参与悬置，社区价值边缘化；资源配置失当，社区保障低效化；风险保障缺位，社区支撑脆弱化五重困境。坚持“两个结合”思想指引，深入挖掘中国优秀传统文化，发现墨子思想的光辉回应当今现实问题。通过分析发现，墨子的诸多主张与社区建设具有高度一致性，诸如兼爱无差、交相利、尚贤、利亲务实、节用备虑的理念为破除社区建设困境提供以兼爱立心，建构平等包容的价值基础、以交相利立制，建构互惠共济的行动机制、以尚贤赋能，建构自主参与的参与机制、以利亲固本，建构多元联动的责任依托、以节用增效，建构集约长效的保障机制的实践路径。

Abstract: The aging population trend in China is evident, and effectively addressing the issue of elderly care has become a strategic consideration for the country. The construction of elderly-friendly communities is a strategic choice to cope with the risks of an accelerating aging process, ensure the elderly’s care needs, and promote sustainable economic and social development. The construction of elderly-friendly communities in China has undergone a leapfrog development from nothing to something and from something to excellence, achieving remarkable achievements. However, in the actual construction process, there are numerous obstacles and challenges in promoting the further development of elderly-friendly communities from good to excellent, including weakened emotional connections, the disintegration of the community’s ethical foundation; insufficient mutual assistance mechanisms, fragmented community actions; suspended participation of the main body, marginalization of community values; improper resource allocation, inefficient community guarantees; and the absence of risk protection, weakening of community support. Guided by the thought of “two combinations”, and by deeply exploring China’s excellent traditional culture, the ideas of Mozi shine a light on today’s practical problems. Through analysis, it is found that many of Mozi’s propositions are highly consistent with community construction, such as the concepts of universal love without discrimination, mutual benefit, respecting the virtuous, practical care for relatives, and frugality and careful planning, which provide practical paths for breaking through the community construction predicament: establishing an equal and inclusive value foundation with universal love as the core, establishing a mutual benefit and assistance action mechanism with mutual benefit as the system, establishing an autonomous participation mechanism with respecting the virtuous as the empowerment, establishing a family linkage responsibility support with practical care for relatives as the foundation, and establishing a concentrated and long-term guarantee mechanism with frugality and careful planning as the principle.