老龄化背景下农村互助养老模式的困境和优化路径

Dilemmas and Optimization Pathways for Rural Mutual-Aid Elderly Care Models in the Context of Population Aging

摘要: 在人口老龄化城乡倒置背景下，农村养老面临着家庭养老功能弱化、机构养老供给不足、城乡养老资源失衡的多重困境，互助养老凭借低成本、本土化、适配乡土社会的特征，成为破解农村养老难题的重要实践路径。本文以老龄化理论和马克思主义基本原理为研究基础，系统分析农村互助养老的兴起背景、实践类型与时代价值，从三个维度剖析其发展过程中呈现的集体经济支撑乏力、互助主体内生动力不足、精神文化服务缺位等现实困局。在此基础上，从构建多元协同资源供给体系、激活互助主体内生动力机制、拓展养老服务内容维度、完善制度保障框架四个方面，提出针对性的优化路径，以期为完善农村养老服务体系、助力乡村振兴与共同富裕实现提供一定参考。

Abstract: Against the background of population ageing and urban and rural inversion, rural old-age care faces multiple dilemmas of weak family old-age care functions, insufficient institutional old-age care supply, and imbalance of urban and rural old-age care resources. With the characteristics of low cost, localization and adaptation to rural society, mutual old-age care has become an important practical path to solve the problems of rural old-age care. Taking the theory of ageing and the basic principles of Marxism as the research basis, this article systematically analyses the background, practice type and value of the times of rural mutual assistance and old-age care, and analyses the reality of weak collective economic support, insufficient endogenous motivation of the main body of mutual aid, and lack of spiritual and cultural services from three dimensions. On this basis, from the four aspects of building a diversified collaborative resource supply system, activating the endogene power mechanism of the main body of mutual assistance, expanding the content dimension of elderly care services, and improving the institutional guarantee framework, a targeted optimization path is proposed, in order to provide certain participation in improving the rural elderly care service system, helping rural revitalization and common prosperity.