老年助餐服务发展困境与优化路径研究

Research on the Development Dilemmas and Optimization Paths of Elderly Meal Assistance Services

摘要: 老年助餐服务是养老服务体系的核心组成部分，也是应对人口老龄化的重要民生工程。当前我国老年助餐服务已形成多元供给模式，但在供需匹配、运营可持续、城乡发展均衡性、公益与市场平衡等方面仍存在突出困境。本文结合国内多地区实践研究，从供需结构、资金保障、主体协同、城乡差异、制度规范等维度分析老年助餐服务的现实问题，并借鉴互嵌式治理、价值链重构、多元协同供给等理论与实践经验，提出针对性的优化路径，以期推动老年助餐服务从政策性供给向制度化、可持续的保障机制转变，为积极老龄化战略实施提供支撑。

Abstract: Elderly meal assistance services are a core component of the elderly care service system and a crucial livelihood project for addressing population aging. Currently, China has formed a diversified supply model for elderly meal assistance services, yet prominent challenges persist in aspects such as supply-demand matching, operational sustainability, balanced urban-rural development, and the balance between public welfare and marketization. Drawing on practical research from multiple domestic regions, this paper analyzes the practical issues of elderly meal assistance services from dimensions including supply-demand structure, fund guarantee, stakeholder collaboration, urban-rural disparities, and institutional norms. It also draws on theoretical and practical experiences such as embedded governance, value chain reconstruction, and multi-stakeholder collaborative supply to propose targeted optimization paths. The aim is to promote the transformation of elderly meal assistance services from policy-driven provision to an institutionalized and sustainable guarantee mechanism, thereby providing support for the implementation of the active aging strategy.