论债权人代位权的行使效果

On the Effects of the Exercise of Creditors’ Subrogation Right

摘要: 代位权的法律效果长期以来形成了“入库规则”与“直接受偿规则”两种对立观点。《中华人民共和国民法典》第537条对此有所回应，明确在债权人代位权的行使效果上总体采取“直接受偿规则”，但是对于如何理解与适用该规则仍存在疑问。随着民法典及合同编司法解释对代位权客体的扩展，其适用范围已从单纯的金钱债权拓展至“债权及有关的从权利”，由此产生了客体范围扩大后的债之标的是否适宜由相对人向债权人直接履行的争议，也进一步引发了既有关于代位权法律效力归属的理论分歧。本文旨在通过解析债权人代位权的法律效果，在坚守代位权本旨并与执行法律规范相协调的基础上，构建更为完善的债权人权益保障机制。

Abstract: There have long been two opposing views on the legal effects of subrogation: the “rule of pooling into the debtor’s estate” and the “rule of direct satisfaction”. Article 537 of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China responds to this debate by generally adopting the “rule of direct satisfaction” regarding the effects of exercising creditors’ subrogation rights. However, questions remain as to how to understand and apply this rule. With the expansion of the object of subrogation under the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China and its judicial interpretations on contract law—extending from purely monetary claims to “claims and related accessory rights”—disputes have arisen as to whether the extended subject matter of the obligation is suitable for direct performance by the relative party to the creditor. This has further intensified existing theoretical disagreements over the attribution of the legal effects of subrogation. This paper aims to construct a more robust mechanism for protecting creditors’ rights and interests by analyzing the legal effects of the creditor’s subrogation right, while adhering to the fundamental purpose of subrogation and aligning with enforcement legal norms.