及物性系统视角下关于《寂静的春天》的生态话语分析

An Ecological Discourse Analysis of Silent Spring from the Perspective of Transitivity System

摘要: 《寂静的春天》是由蕾切尔·卡森创作的一部极具影响力的生态纪实作品，通过揭示化学农药滥用对动植物、土壤、水体以及人类健康的系统性破坏，批判了在人类中心主义主导下的反生态行为。本文以“多元和谐、交互共生”生态哲学观为指导，运用生态话语分析和及物性系统，解读作品中蕴含的生态观。目的在于揭示《寂静的春天》第6、7、15章如何通过不同类型及物性过程差异化分布来建构生态危机叙事的内在逻辑，并呈现人类中心主义与生态中心主义的话语博弈。结合定量与定性分析，探究及物性系统在凸显人类活动与自然冲突、传递生态价值中的功能作用，挖掘文本“破坏–危机–反击”的叙事脉络与生态修复诉求，为生态文本的语言学解读提供新路径，同时为重释经典的当代生态价值、助力环保意识传播与生态文明建设提供理论参考。

Abstract: Silent Spring, a renowned ecological documentary work by Rachel Carson, critically examines the systematic damage caused by the overuse of chemical pesticides to flora and fauna, soil, water bodies, and human health, thereby condemning the anti-ecological behaviors under the dominance of anthropocentrism. Guided by the ecological philosophy of “diversity, harmony, and mutual coexistence”, this paper employs ecological discourse analysis and the transitivity system to interpret the ecological views contained in the work. The aim is to reveal how Chapters 6, 7, and 15 of Silent Spring construct the internal logic of the ecological crisis narrative through the differential distribution of various types of transitivity processes, and to present the discourse contest between anthropocentrism and ecocentrism. By combining quantitative and qualitative analysis, this paper explores the functional role of the transitivity system in highlighting the conflict between human activities and nature and in conveying ecological values, and uncovers the narrative thread of “destruction-crisis-reaction” and the ecological restoration demands in the text. This provides a new path for the linguistic interpretation of ecological texts and offers theoretical references for reinterpreting the contemporary ecological value of classics, promoting environmental awareness, and building an ecological civilization.