黄河河谷温湿效应下群科新区温室大棚蝴蝶兰栽培气象适配及调控技术研究

Research on Meteorological Adaptation and Regulation Techniques for Phalaenopsis Cultivation in Greenhouses of Qunke New District under the Temperature and Humidity Effect of the Yellow River Valley

摘要: 为破解化隆群科新区温室大棚蝴蝶兰栽培气象适配性不明、灾害防控针对性不足、无专业小气候观测设备等产业痛点，文章依托黄河河谷独特温湿效应，利用化隆县气象站2022~2024年逐日常规气象观测数据、群科新区温室大棚人工定时温湿巡测数据及蝴蝶兰全生育期农情台账，采用统计分析、棚内外对比、分级适配、适宜性区划等研究方法，系统分析外界气象条件与棚内微环境的耦合关系，明确蝴蝶兰各生育期气象适宜阈值，研判不利气象条件危害规律，划分栽培气象适宜性区域，构建针对性气象调控及防灾技术体系。结果表明，群科新区黄河河谷逆温、温湿效应显著，生长季月平均气温11.7℃~21.1℃、月平均相对湿度39.9%~67.5%，天然适配蝴蝶兰大棚栽培；棚外气温、相对湿度与棚内微环境呈显著正相关，寒潮强降温、连阴雨高湿是影响蝴蝶兰生长的核心不利气象因素；蝴蝶兰各生育期适宜气象阈值为：核心生育期临界低温不低于12℃、适宜湿度60%~80%。最后，文章基于河谷温湿差异，划分3类栽培气象适宜区并制定分区管控方案。

Abstract: To address the industrial pain points of the unclear meteorological adaptability of Phalaenopsis cultivation in the greenhouses of Qunke New District, Hualong County, the lack of targeted disaster prevention and control measures, and the absence of professional microclimate observation equipment, this study relied on the unique temperature and humidity effects of the Yellow River Valley. It utilized the daily conventional meteorological observation data from the Hualong County Meteorological Station from 2022 to 2024, the manually timed temperature and humidity monitoring data of the greenhouses in Qunke New District, and the agricultural situation records throughout the entire growth period of Phalaenopsis. By applying research methods such as statistical analysis, comparison between the greenhouse interior and exterior, hierarchical matching, and suitability zoning, the study systematically analyzed the coupling relationship between the external meteorological conditions and the micro-environment inside the greenhouses, determined the meteorological suitability thresholds for each growth stage of Phalaenopsis, evaluated the patterns of adverse meteorological conditions’ impacts, delineated the meteorological suitability zones for cultivation, and established a targeted meteorological regulation and disaster prevention technology system. The results indicated that the Yellow River Valley in Qunke New District exhibited significant temperature inversion and temperature-humidity effects, with monthly average temperatures during the growth season ranging from 11.7˚C to 21.1˚C and monthly average relative humidity from 39.9 to 67.5%, which naturally suited the greenhouse cultivation of Phalaenopsis. The temperature and relative humidity outside the greenhouses were significantly positively correlated with the micro-environment inside. Cold waves with strong temperature drops and continuous overcast and rainy days with high humidity were the core adverse meteorological factors affecting the growth of Phalaenopsis. The meteorological suitability thresholds for each growth stage of Phalaenopsis were clearly defined, with the critical low temperature for the core growth stages not lower than 12˚C and the suitable humidity ranging from 60% to 80%. Finally, based on the temperature and humidity differences in the river valley, three types of meteorological suitability zones for cultivation were delineated, and a zonal control plan was formulated.