荞麦生产现状与育种对策

Current Status of Buckwheat Production and Breeding Strategies

摘要: 针对甜荞产量低、效益差、种植面积不断缩小的现状，文章提出应走“少种高产”的发展道路，而选育高产品种是实现这一目标的首要任务。研究利用甜荞野生近缘种茎杆坚硬、抗倒性较强、自花授粉、结实率较高的优良性状，对传统栽培甜荞进行改良。结果显示，育成的“秦荞自交2号”品系在江苏泰州两个试验点种植，较当地主栽品种增产约30%，且抗倒性较强。在陕西省榆林市佳县试验中，产量达138公斤/667 m²，品种改良效果较为明显。

Abstract: Aiming at the current situation of low yield, poor benefit, and continuously shrinking planting area of sweet buckwheat, this paper proposes to take the development path of “less planting and high yield”, with breeding high-yielding varieties as the primary task to achieve this goal. The study utilized the excellent traits of wild relatives of sweet buckwheat, such as hard stems, strong lodging resistance, self-pollination, and high seed setting rate, and the traditional cultivated sweet buckwheat was improved. The results showed that the bred “Qinqiao Self-Cross No. 2” strain increased yield by about 30% and had strong lodging resistance compared with the local main varieties in two trials in Taizhou, Jiangsu. In the trial in Jia County, Yulin City, Shaanxi Province, the yield was high, reaching 138 kg/667 m², and the effect of variety improvement was obvious.