全新世以来滇东南地区林火演变规律及驱动机制研究综述

A Review of the Evolution Patterns and Driving Mechanisms of Forest Fires in Southeast Yunnan Since the Holocene

摘要: 本研究系统梳理并剖析了滇东南地区全新世森林火灾相关记录数据，揭示了区域林火的发生规律，同时探究其与区域气候波动、人类活动进程之间的内在关联。研究得出如下结论：(1) 区域森林火灾发生频次与燃烧强度受自然环境条件制约特征显著，高强度、高频次林火多出现于冷凉偏干气候阶段，或是人类活动作用突出的时期；而林火活动偏少的时段，大多对应气候暖湿化程度较高、水热条件更为优越的阶段。(2) 从时间尺度来看，调控森林火灾变化的主导因素发生明显转变。3300 cal yr BP以前，气候环境变化是驱动区域林火波动的核心要素；3300 cal yr BP以来，林火演变转为气候要素与人类活动共同驱动。伴随人类生产生活活动不断加剧，沉积物炭屑含量持续上升，足以说明人为因素对森林火灾的影响程度，已逐步超过自然气候的调控作用。(3) 现代区域炭屑含量的空间分布特征与卫星遥感测量的火灾数据高度一致。这一结果既验证了利用炭屑指标重建区域古火灾历史的科学性与准确性，也直观反映出炭屑高含量分布区域，和人类活动聚集区在空间分布上具有高度一致性。

Abstract: This study systematically reviewed and analyzed the Holocene forest fire-related record data from southeastern Yunnan, clarifying the characteristics of forest fire occurrence and evolution in the region, and exploring its intrinsic connections with regional climate fluctuations and human activity processes. The study reached the following conclusions: (1) The frequency and intensity of regional forest fires are significantly constrained by natural environmental conditions. High-intensity and high-frequency forest fires often occur during cooler and drier climatic phases or periods with prominent human activities; whereas periods with less forest fire activity mostly correspond to stages with higher levels of warm and humid climate, as well as superior hydrothermal conditions. (2) From a long-term evolutionary perspective, the dominant factors regulating forest fire changes have undergone significant changes. Before 3300 cal yr BP, climatic and environmental changes were the core elements driving regional forest fire fluctuations; since 3300 cal yr BP, forest fire evolution has been jointly driven by climatic factors and human activities. With the intensification of human production and living activities, the content of charcoal fragments in sediments has continued to rise, indicating that the impact of human factors on forest fires has gradually exceeded the regulatory role of natural climate. (3) The spatial distribution characteristics of modern regional charcoal fragment content are highly consistent with satellite remote sensing-measured fire data. This result not only validates the scientificity and accuracy of using charcoal fragment indicators to reconstruct regional paleofire history, but also visually reflects that areas with high charcoal fragment content distribution are highly consistent with areas where human activities are concentrated in terms of spatial distribution.