PBL教学法在《材料物理基础实训》课程中的教学研究

Teaching Research on PBL Teaching Method in the “Materials Physics Foundation Training”

摘要: 培养学生的主观能动性在高等教育中占据重要地位，也是创新型人才所具备的关键内驱力。文章基于问题式导向学习法(PBL)，在《材料物理基础实训》课程中引入了水系锌离子电池关键材料的制备、电池组装及性能分析等内容。为了激发学生的学习兴趣并帮助他们直观理解电池材料性能和装配工艺对实际应用的影响，学生用自制的电池点亮发光二极管(LED)并作为课程目标之一。同时针对性探究电池材料制备缺陷和电池组装不良等导致LED点亮过程中产生的问题，并指导学生进行针对性改进，从而让学生对材料制备及电池组装与电池性能间的关系产生更加直观的了解，设计包含“问题预设–材料表征–正极电极片的制备–电池组装–性能测试–点亮LED中发现问题–解决问题”全流程贯通的综合实验流程。文章首先介绍了PBL教学的基本内涵，其次阐述了将其引入课程的优势，最后详述PBL教学在《材料物理基础实训》课程的具体应用流程以及教学实施中预期困难、局限性及解决策略。

Abstract: Cultivating students’ subjective initiative holds a significant position in higher education and is a key internal driving force for innovative talents. Based on the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) approach, the article introduces the preparation of key materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries, battery assembly, and performance analysis into the “Materials Physics Foundation Training” course. To stimulate students’ interest in learning and help them intuitively understand the impact of battery material performance and assembly processes on practical applications, students are required to light up a light-emitting diode (LED) with a self-made battery as one of the course objectives. At the same time, they are guided to explore the problems arising during the LED lighting process caused by defects in battery material preparation and poor battery assembly, and to make targeted improvements. This enables students to have a more intuitive understanding of the relationship between material preparation, battery assembly, and battery performance. A comprehensive experimental process is designed, which integrates the entire process from “problem setting - material characterization - preparation of positive electrode sheet - battery assembly - performance testing - identifying problems during LED lighting - solving problems”. The article first introduces the basic connotation of PBL teaching, then elaborates on the advantages of introducing it into the course, and finally details the specific application process of PBL teaching in the “Materials Physics Foundation Training” course, as well as the expected difficulties, limitations and solutions in the teaching implementation.