线阵CCD在测量液体折射率中的应用

The Application of Linear Array CCD in Measuring the Refractive Index of Liquids

摘要: 液体折射率测量是大学物理光学实验的重要内容，传统方法多依赖人工观察与读数，存在操作繁琐、易污染样品、偶然误差大等问题。为此，文章基于光的折射定律与光斑横向偏移原理，设计了一套由激光光源、旋转平台和线阵CCD模块构成的非接触式测量系统，并开发了配套的上位机采集软件与MATLAB数据处理程序，实现了光斑位置的自动捕捉、数据的自动采集与折射率的精准计算。对纯净水与75%乙醇溶液进行了实验测量，结果表明，平均相对误差均低于1%，测量精度优于传统阿贝折射仪法。该系统实现了实验过程的数字化与自动化，不仅提升了测量精度，也丰富了光电技术在物理实验教学中的应用，有助于培养学生的跨学科实践能力与创新思维，为大学物理实验教学改革提供了可行方案。

Abstract: The measurement of liquid refractive index is an important component of university physics optical experiments. Traditional methods mostly rely on manual observation and reading, which present issues such as cumbersome operation, easy contamination of samples, and significant random errors. To address these problems, this paper designs a non-contact measurement system consisting of a laser light source, a rotating platform, and a linear array CCD module based on the law of refraction and the principle of lateral spot displacement. A supporting upper-computer data acquisition software and MATLAB data processing program are also developed to achieve automatic spot position capture, automated experimental data collection, and accurate refractive index calculation. Experimental measurements of pure water and 75% ethanol solution show that the average relative error is less than 1%, indicating higher measurement accuracy compared to the traditional Abbe refractometer method. The system realizes digitalization and automation of the experimental process, not only improving measurement precision but also enriching the application of optoelectronic technology in physics experiment teaching. It helps cultivate students’ interdisciplinary practical abilities and innovative thinking, providing a feasible solution for the reform of university physics experiment teaching.