遗产化与资源化的双向互动：花山岩画申遗后的保护利用研究

The Bidirectional Interaction of Heritage and Resource: A Study on the Protection and Utilization of Huashan Rock Paintings after Their Inclusion in the World

摘要: 文化遗产的“遗产化”与“资源化”并非单向线性过程，而是相互建构、彼此赋能的辩证统一关系。左江花山岩画文化景观成功列入世界遗产名录，成为观察这一双向互动机制的典型样本。本文以“遗产化–资源化”理论框架为基础，采用文献分析、案例研究与田野调查相结合的方法，系统梳理花山岩画申遗后在价值阐释、制度构建、科技保护、文旅融合与社区参与等方面的实践路径。研究发现：遗产化为花山岩画确立了全球公认的突出普遍价值，提供制度、资金与身份认同，是资源化的前提与规约；资源化通过旅游开发、文创转化、数字活化等方式，实现遗产价值的社会传播、经济反哺与文化再生产，是遗产化的延伸与动力。二者互动中既取得成效，也面临价值阐释浅表化、开发模式同质化、社区参与边缘化、保护利用失衡化等张力。基于此，本文提出“价值引领、科技赋能、社区赋能、融合创新”的优化路径，为文化遗产的活态传承与可持续发展提供参考。

Abstract: The “heritagization” and “resourcification” of cultural heritage are not unidirectional linear processes but rather a dialectical unity of mutual construction and empowerment. The successful inclusion of the Zuojiang Huashan Rock Art Cultural Landscape in the World Heritage List serves as a typical sample for observing this two-way interactive mechanism. Based on the theoretical framework of “heritagization-resourcification”, this paper adopts a method combining literature analysis, case study and field investigation to systematically sort out the practical paths of the Huashan Rock Art in terms of value interpretation, institutional construction, technological protection, cultural tourism integration and community participation after its application for World Heritage status. The research finds that heritagization has established the globally recognized outstanding universal value for the Huashan Rock Art, providing it with institutional, financial and identity support, and is the premise and regulation for resourcification; resourcification, through tourism development, cultural and creative transformation, digital activation and other means, realizes the social dissemination, economic feedback and cultural reproduction of heritage value, and is the extension and driving force of heritagization. In the interaction between the two, achievements have been made, but also tensions such as superficial value interpretation, homogenized development models, marginalized community participation, and unbalanced protection and utilization. Based on this, this paper proposes an optimization path of “value guidance, technological empowerment, community empowerment, and integrated innovation”, providing a reference for the dynamic inheritance and sustainable development of cultural heritage.