社会工作助力中小学生抗逆力进阶的实践探索——基于三地跨区域联动

Practical Exploration of Social Work in Enhancing the Resilience of Primary and Secondary School Students—Based on Cross-Regional Collaboration across Three Areas

摘要: 随着经济社会转型与教育竞争加剧，中小学生心理健康问题日益突出，抗逆力培养成为教育领域的重要议题。基于Grotberg抗逆力理论，本文构建“外在支持–内在优势–自我效能”三维分析框架，以浙江温州、广西柳州、河南郑州三地社会工作实践为案例，采用混合研究方法，对1161名中小学生开展问卷调查与深度访谈。研究发现，三地学生抗逆力存在显著地域差异，七成以上被调查者将学业压力列为首要困难因素。经过八周社会工作介入，干预组在正向认知、系统支持等五个维度均显著提升。“家校社”协同机制不完善、专业社工力量不足是当前面临的主要结构性困境。研究为当前中小学生抗逆力提升与学校社会工作本土化发展提供了实证参考。

Abstract: With socioeconomic transformation and intensifying educational competition, mental health problems among primary and secondary school students have become increasingly prominent, making resilience cultivation an important issue in the field of education. Drawing on Grotberg’s resilience theory, this study constructs a three-dimensional analytical framework of “external support - internal strengths - self-efficacy”. Taking social work practices in Wenzhou (Zhejiang), Liuzhou (Guangxi), and Zhengzhou (Henan) as cases, a mixed-methods approach was adopted, involving questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews with 1161 students. The findings reveal significant regional differences in students’ resilience, with academic pressure identified as the primary difficulty by over 70% of respondents. After eight weeks of social work intervention, the intervention group showed significant improvements in five dimensions, including positive cognition and systemic support. The main structural challenges currently faced are the imperfect family-school-community collaboration mechanism and the shortage of professional social workers. This study provides an empirical reference for enhancing the resilience of primary and secondary school students and for the localized development of school social work.