区块链技术下基于质量追溯的电商供应链协调机制研究

Research on Coordination Mechanism of E-Commerce Supply Chain Based on Quality Traceability under Blockchain Technology

摘要: 在电商平台快速发展与消费者质量意识提升的背景下，电商供应链的质量追溯与协调面临挑战。针对上游供应商可能存在质量信息谎报行为引发的平台监管成本增加与利润分配冲突，本文引入协调契约机制，探索电商供应链的质量协同优化路径。通过构建由单一供应商与电商平台组成的两级供应链博弈模型，本研究系统分析了在有无区块链技术投入下，成本分担与收益共享两种契约对供应链协调、产品质量水平及成员利润的影响。主要结论如下：(1) 成本分担契约是实现供应链协调更为稳健的机制，其在区块链引入前后均能有效协调系统，而收益共享契约在引入区块链后协调条件更为苛刻。(2) 两种契约在引入区块链后均能提升供应链整体质量水平，但在平台分担比例较低或相关成本较高时，成本分担契约的提升效果更优。(3) 契约选择对成员利润的影响存在差异：供应商的偏好取决于其成本分担比例与区块链水平；平台在多数情况下从成本分担契约中获利更多，但在收益共享契约中可通过提高共享比例获取更多利润。(4) 平台自身的质量追溯成本分担比例是影响契约绩效的核心内生变量，而消费者质量偏好与区块链信任度等外部因素则通过不同路径调节决策与利润。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of rapid e-commerce platform development and increasing consumer awareness of product quality, the quality traceability and coordination of e-commerce supply chains face challenges. In response to the conflicts arising from increased platform supervision costs and profit distribution caused by suppliers’ potential misreporting of quality information, this paper introduces coordination contract mechanisms to explore pathways for quality synergy optimization in the e-commerce supply chain. By constructing a two-level supply chain game model consisting of a single supplier and an e-commerce platform, this study systematically analyzes the impacts of two types of contracts—cost-sharing and revenue-sharing—on supply chain coordination, product quality level, and member profits, both with and without blockchain technology investment. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The cost-sharing contract is a more robust mechanism for achieving supply chain coordination, effectively coordinating the system both before and after the introduction of blockchain, whereas the revenue-sharing contract imposes more stringent coordination conditions after blockchain adoption. (2) Both types of contracts improve the overall quality level of the supply chain after blockchain is introduced; however, the cost-sharing contract yields better improvement effects when the platform's sharing ratio is low or associated costs are high. (3) The impact of contract choice on member profits varies: the supplier’s preference depends on its cost-sharing ratio and the level of blockchain adoption; the platform generally benefits more from the cost-sharing contract in most cases but can obtain greater profits under the revenue-sharing contract by increasing the sharing ratio. (4) The platform's own quality traceability cost-sharing ratio is a core endogenous variable influencing contract performance, while external factors such as consumer quality preference and blockchain trust level regulate decisions and profits through different pathways.