平台经济下新就业形态劳动者权益保障路径研究

Research on the Paths to Safeguard the Rights and Interests of Workers in New Employment Forms under the Platform Economy

摘要: 本文立足电子商务发展催生的平台经济新业态背景，旨在探究电商平台主导下新就业形态劳动者权益保障的现实梗阻与优化路径，破解传统劳动保障体系与平台灵活用工模式的适配矛盾，为电子商务领域平台治理与劳动权益保护的协同发展提供理论与实践支撑。研究发现，电商平台新就业形态劳动者普遍面临劳动关系认定模糊、社保覆盖不足、算法剥削凸显、维权机制失灵等问题，且数字核心型与非数字辅助型劳动者的权益痛点呈显著分化特征，问题成因源于劳动关系基础认定障碍、制度体系适配缺陷与监管保护实施缺位的三重叠加。研究提出构建法律制度重构、社会保障创新、多元协同治理、算法合规监管的“四位一体”权益保障路径，明确政府、电商平台、工会等主体的权责边界，强化电商平台用工主体责任。该路径可有效破解传统保障体系与平台用工模式的适配矛盾，为完善平台经济(电子商务领域)劳动者权益保障体系提供实操性参考，推动平台经济高质量发展与劳动者权益保护的协同共进。

Abstract: Based on the background of the new form of platform economy spawned by the development of e-commerce, this paper aims to explore the practical obstacles and optimization paths for the protection of labor rights and interests of workers in new employment forms led by e-commerce platforms, solve the adaptation contradiction between the traditional labor security system and the flexible employment mode of platform, and provide theoretical and practical support for the coordinated development of platform governance and labor rights protection in the e-commerce field. The study found that workers in new employment forms of e-commerce platforms are generally faced with problems such as ambiguous identification of labor relations, insufficient social security coverage, prominent algorithmic exploitation, and failure of rights protection mechanisms, and the pain points of rights and interests of digital core workers and non-digital auxiliary workers show significant differentiated characteristics. The causes of the problems stem from the triple superposition of basic identification obstacles of labor relations, adaptive defects of institutional systems and absence of regulatory protection implementation. The study proposes to construct a "four-in-one" protection path of labor rights and interests including the reconstruction of legal system, the innovation of social security, the multi-stakeholder collaborative governance and the algorithmic compliance supervision, clarify the power and responsibility boundaries of the government, e-commerce platforms, trade unions and other subjects, and strengthen the main responsibility of e-commerce platforms in employment. This path can effectively solve the adaptation contradiction between the traditional security system and the platform employment mode, provide practical reference for improving the labor rights and interests protection system in the platform economy (e-commerce field), and promote the high-quality development of platform economy and the coordinated progress of labor rights and interests protection.