电商赋能下农村“产供销”一体化与农民增收的理论机制

Theoretical Mechanism of the Integration of “Production, Supply and Marketing” in Rural Areas and Farmers’ Income Increase under the Empowerment of E-Commerce

摘要: 在数字经济与实体经济深度融合的背景下，全面推进乡村振兴、实现共同富裕已成为中国式现代化的核心战略。本文将农村电子商务视为一次深刻的外生技术冲击，系统性地探讨其赋能农村“产供销”一体化及促进农民增收的内在理论机制。研究指出，电商通过降低制度性交易成本、缓解信息不对称及发挥网络外部性，强力驱动了农业生产的规模化、供应链的协同化以及销售市场的无界化。这一“产供销”一体化进程经由价值链重构、产业溢出、要素市场激活等途径，拓宽了农户的经营性、工资性和财产性收入渠道，并显著提升了农村家庭的消费福利和收入增长。然而，基于政治经济学视角的审视表明，资源禀赋的异质性与技术红利的非均衡分配可能导致农村内部数字鸿沟的扩大。因此，需通过完善数字基础设施、优化包容性利益联结机制及强化数字技能培训，实现农村经济的包容性增长。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of the deep integration of the digital economy and the real economy, comprehensively advancing rural revitalization and achieving common prosperity has become a core strategy of Chinese-style modernization. This paper regards rural e-commerce as a profound exogenous technological shock, and systematically explores its internal theoretical mechanisms for empowering the integrated development of rural “production, supply and marketing” and boosting farmers' income growth. The study argues that by reducing institutional transaction costs, alleviating information asymmetry and exerting network externalities, e-commerce strongly drives the large-scale development of agricultural production, the coordination of supply chains, and the boundless expansion of sales markets. Through value chain restructuring, industrial spillovers and the activation of factor markets, this integrated process of production, supply and marketing has expanded channels for farmers to obtain operational, wage and property income, and significantly improved the consumption welfare of rural households. However, an examination from a political economy perspective reveals that the heterogeneity of resource endowments and the unbalanced distribution of technological dividends may widen the digital divide within rural areas. Therefore, inclusive growth of the rural economy needs to be achieved by improving digital infrastructure, optimizing inclusive benefit linkage mechanisms, and strengthening digital skills training.