浅析地理标志保护的三重困境

Three Dilemmas in the Protection of Geographical Indications

摘要: 地理标志作为兼具经济价值与文化传承功能的知识产权类型，其法律保护面临多重挑战。文章结合相关案例，揭示地理标志保护面临的三重困境，即《中华人民共和国商标法》(2019年11月1日施行，以下简称《商标法》)与《地理标志产品保护办法》的竞合保护；国际法与国内法存在衔接障碍；跨界使用权利边界不明。对此，文章提出针对性解决方案：制定统一的《地理标志法》，发布类案裁判指引；积极对接国际标准和加强跨境执法协作；通过关联性测试与恶意使用黑名单制度划分跨界使用权利边界。从而为实现乡村振兴、促进文化传承提供合理性建议，为国际地理标志保护提供兼具理论深度与实践操作的可行性方案。

Abstract: As a type of intellectual property that boasts both economic value and cultural inheritance functions, geographical indications face multiple challenges in legal protection. Combining relevant cases, this paper identifies three major dilemmas in the protection of geographical indications: the overlapping protection between the Trademark Law of the People’s Republic of China (effective November 1, 2019, hereinafter referred to as the Trademark Law)and the Measures for the Protection of Geographical Indication Products; inadequate alignment between international law and domestic law; and ambiguous boundaries for cross-border use rights. In response, this paper puts forward targeted solutions: enact a unified Geographical Indication Law and issue judicial guidelines for similar cases; actively align with international standards and strengthen cross-border law enforcement cooperation; and define the scope of rights for cross-border use through link tests and a blacklist system for malicious use. This paper aims to offer rational suggestions for advancing rural revitalization and cultural inheritance, as well as practical solutions with solid theoretical grounding and operability for the international protection of geographical indications.