东莞市大学生亚健康状况及影响因素研究

Sub-Health Status and Its Influencing Factors among College Students in Dongguan

摘要: 目的：评估东莞市大学生亚健康现状并识别其关键影响因素，为高校健康干预提供实证依据。方法：采用亚健康评定量表(SHMS V1.0)对311名在校大学生进行横断面调查，运用描述性统计与分层多元线性回归分析数据。结果：亚健康总检出率为58.2%，中重度亚健康占52.7%；睡眠问题、眼部不适与疲劳感为最常见的症状。在控制人口学及生理、心理因素后，社会健康(β = 0.733)、心理健康(β = 0.118)和生理健康(β = 0.087)共同解释总体健康82.9%的变异(R² = 0.829)；年级与总体健康呈显著负相关(B = −0.783, p < 0.001)，性别差异未达统计学显著性水平(p = 0.069)。结论：社会健康是大学生总体健康的最强预测因素，这一发现与大学生所处发展阶段的同伴关系需求及压力缓冲机制相吻合。高校应将健康干预重心前移，优先建设真实的同伴社交网络，同时强化心理服务、倡导规律作息与合理膳食。

Abstract: Objective: To assess the prevalence of sub-health among college students in Dongguan and identify its key influencing factors, thereby providing an evidence-based reference for campus health interventions. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 311 college students using the Sub-Health Measurement Scale (SHMS V1.0). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and hierarchical linear regression. Results: The overall detection rate of sub-health was 58.2%, with moderate-to-severe cases accounting for 52.7%. The most prevalent symptoms included sleep disturbances, eye discomfort, and fatigue. After controlling for demographics, physical, and psychological factors, Social health (β = 0.733), mental health (β = 0.118), and physical health (β = 0.087) jointly accounted for 82.9% of the variance in overall health (R² = 0.829). Grade level showed a significant negative association with overall health (B = −0.783, p < 0.001), while gender did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.069). Conclusions: Social health emerged as the strongest predictor of overall health among college students, consistent with the developmental demands of the “Intimacy vs. Isolation” stage and the predictions of the stress-buffering model. Accordingly, universities should prioritize the development of substantive peer networks, strengthen mental health services, and promote regular sleep, balanced nutrition.