大理地区1706例变应性鼻炎患者变应原 检测结果分析

Analysis of Allergen Test Results in 1706 Patients with Allergic Rhinitis in the Dali Region

摘要: 目的：对大理地区1706例变应性鼻炎患者变应原检测结果进行分析，了解大理地区AR患者常见变应原分布特点，为大理地区AR的治疗和患者健康教育提供临床依据。方法：选取大理大学第一附属医院2023年1月至2025年12月就诊的1706例AR患者，对其变应原检测结果进行分析。结果：1706例研究对象中，变应原总检出率为71.10%，吸入性变应原阳性率高于食入性变应原，吸入性变应原致敏在AR患者人群中较为常见，吸入性变应原阳性检出率为66.47%。较常见吸入性变应原为：室内尘螨组合(32.36%)、艾蒿(25.38%)、树木组合(23.74%)，食入性变应原为：蛋清(38.29%)、花生(24.43%)、牛奶(23.17%)。单因素分析显示，性别(χ² = 5.060, P = 0.024)、年龄(χ² = 15.098, P < 0.001)，季节(χ² = 11.151, P = 0.011)与吸入性变应原阳性存在统计学关联，表现为男性阳性率高于女性，未成年人阳性率高于女性，夏秋季节阳性率高于冬春季节。性别(χ² = 31.244, P < 0.001)、年龄(χ² = 54.600, P < 0.001)与食入性变应原阳性也存在统计学关联。结论：(1) 大理地区AR患者以吸入性变应原致敏为主，常见吸入性变应原为室内尘螨和艾蒿，加强卫生管理并避免接触过敏原仍是有效的预防措施。同时，可进行脱敏治疗，针对明确的过敏原建立和维护临床耐受性，从而提高生活质量。(2) 大理地区AR患者变应原阳性率男性高于女性、未成年人高于成年人，吸入性变应原阳性率夏秋季节高于冬春季节。

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the allergen test results of 1706 patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) in Dali region, understand the distribution characteristics of common allergens among AR patients in Dali, and provide clinical evidence for the treatment and patient health education of AR in Dali region. Methods: A total of 1706 patients with AR who visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University between January 2023 and December 2025 were selected, and their allergen test results were analyzed. Result: Among the 1706 study subjects, the total detection rate of allergen was 71.10%. The positive rate of inhalant allergens was higher than that of food allergens. Sensitization to inhalant allergens was more common in AR patients, with a positive detection rate of 66.47%. The most common inhalant allergens are: house dust mite mix (32.36%), mugwort (25.38%), and tree pollen mix (23.74%). The most common food allergens are: egg white (38.29%), peanut (24.43%), and milk (23.17%). Univariate analysis showed that gender (χ² = 5.060, P = 0.024), age (χ² = 15.098, P < 0.001), and season (χ² = 11.151, P = 0.011) were significantly associated with positive results of inhalant allergens. The positive rate was higher in males than in females, higher in minors than in adults, and higher in summer and autumn than in winter and spring. Sex (χ² = 31.244, P < 0.001) and age (χ² = 54.600, P < 0.001) were also statistically associated with positive food allergen results. Conclusion: (1) AR patients in the Dali region are primarily sensitized by inhalant allergens, and the common inhaled allergens are indoor dust mites and mugwort. Strengthening hygiene management and avoiding exposure to allergens remain effective preventive measures. At the same time, desensitization treatment can be carried out targeting clear allergens to establish and maintain clinical tolerance and improve the quality of life. (2) In Dali region, the positive rate of allergens in AR patients is higher in males than in females, and higher in minors than in adults. The positive rate of inhalant allergens is higher in summer and autumn than in winter and spring.