南京市X区社会参与对老年孤独感的影响及心理调适作用研究

Research on the Influence of Social Participation on Loneliness in the Elderly and the Psychological Adjustment Effect in X District of Nanjing

摘要: 在人口深度老龄化与城市社区结构快速转型的背景下，老年孤独感已成为影响老年人身心健康与生活质量的突出问题。本文以南京市X区中心城区老年群体为研究对象，基于活动理论、社会支持理论与社会情绪选择理论，探讨社会参与对老年孤独感的作用机制，并检验心理调适的调节效应。研究通过问卷调查法收集有效样本287份，实证结果显示：社会参与水平与老年孤独感呈显著负相关，社会参与越充分，孤独感越低；心理调适在社会参与不足与孤独感之间发挥显著缓冲作用，能够有效降低低参与状态下的孤独感风险。当前社区仍存在参与供给单一、组织化程度低、心理健康服务薄弱、重点群体覆盖不足等问题。据此，本文从优化参与场景、强化支持网络、普及心理调适、精准服务重点人群等方面提出对策，为缓解城市社区老年孤独感、完善养老服务体系提供参考。

Abstract: Against the background of deep aging and rapid transformation of urban community structure, elderly loneliness has become a prominent problem affecting the physical and mental health and quality of life of the elderly. Taking the elderly in the central urban area of X District, Nanjing as the research object, based on activity theory, social support theory and socioemotional selectivity theory, this paper discusses the mechanism of social participation on elderly loneliness, and tests the regulatory effect of psychological adjustment. The study collected 287 valid samples through questionnaire survey. The empirical results show that social participation is significantly negatively correlated with elderly loneliness. The more sufficient social participation, the lower loneliness. Psychological adjustment plays a significant buffering role between insufficient social participation and loneliness, which can effectively reduce the risk of loneliness under low participation. At present, there are still problems in the community, such as single participation supply, low organization, weak mental health services, and insufficient coverage of key groups. Accordingly, this paper puts forward countermeasures from optimizing participation scenarios, strengthening support network, popularizing psychological adjustment, and serving key groups accurately, so as to provide reference for alleviating elderly loneliness in urban communities and improving the pension service system.