银发经济时代农村老年食堂的问题分析与服务体系优化路径——以南京市为例

Analysis of Problems and Optimization Paths of Service Systems for Rural Elderly Canteens in the Era of Silver Economy—A Case Study of Nanjing

摘要: 我国已步入中度老龄化社会，农村老年人口规模大、老龄化速度快，“做饭难、吃饭难”成为农村老年人最突出的民生问题，老年助餐服务是破解农村养老就餐难题的关键举措。本文以南京市农村老年食堂为研究对象，基于协同治理理论框架，采用文献研究、数据分析法与实地访谈法相结合的研究方法，系统梳理南京市农村老年食堂的建设布局、运营模式与服务供给现状，剖析其在政策体系、资金保障、供需对接、监管机制、人才支撑五大维度存在的现实问题与深层成因。研究发现，南京市农村老年食堂存在政策针对性不足、资金投入渠道单一、服务供给与老年需求脱节、监管责任落实不到位、专业人才短缺等问题，制约助餐服务可持续发展。基于协同治理理论，本文从完善政策顶层设计、健全多元筹资机制、推进供需精准适配、构建全流程监管体系、强化专业人才保障五个方面提出优化路径，旨在完善南京市农村老年助餐服务体系，提升农村老年人养老服务质量，为银发经济背景下全国农村地区老年食堂建设与养老服务发展提供参考。

Abstract: China has entered a moderately aging society. The rural elderly population is large and aging at a rapid rate, and “difficulties in cooking and eating” have become the most prominent livelihood issue for rural older adults. Elderly meal assistance services serve as a critical measure to address the dining dilemma in rural elderly care. Taking rural senior citizen canteens in Nanjing as the research object, this paper adopts a research framework based on collaborative governance theory, combining literature research, secondary data analysis and field interviews to systematically sort out the current status of construction layout, operation modes and service supply of rural senior citizen canteens in Nanjing, and analyzes the practical problems and deep-seated causes in five dimensions: policy system, funding support, supply-demand connection, supervision mechanism and talent support. The study finds that rural senior citizen canteens in Nanjing are confronted with issues including insufficient policy pertinence, single funding investment channel, mismatch between service supply and elderly demand, inadequate implementation of supervision responsibilities and shortage of professional talents, which restrict the sustainable development of meal assistance services. Based on collaborative governance theory, this paper proposes optimization paths from five aspects: improving the top-level policy design, perfecting the diversified financing mechanism, promoting precise supply-demand matching, constructing a whole-process supervision system and strengthening professional talent guarantee. It aims to improve the rural elderly meal assistance service system in Nanjing, enhance the quality of elderly care services for rural older adults, and provide references for the construction of senior citizen canteens and the development of elderly care services in rural areas nationwide under the background of the silver economy.