人口老龄化背景下老年社会工作的实践困境与优化路径研究

Research on the Practical Dilemmas and Optimization Paths of Elderly Social Work in the Context of Population Aging

摘要: 中国是较早进入老龄社会的发展中国家，传统家庭养老模式面临严峻挑战，单一养老服务不再满足老年群体的需求。社会工作秉持助人自助的核心理念，运用个案工作、小组工作、社区工作等专业方法，在老年人领域持续发热，其为老年人提供生活照料、精神慰藉、社会融入、权益保障等全方位服务，已成为应对人口老龄化、完善养老服务体系的专业力量。本篇文章正是基于我国人口老龄化的现实，梳理老年社会工作的核心理论与专业价值，仔细剖析了当前老年社会工作在实践中面临的服务供给不足、专业人才短缺、社会认知度低、政策支持体系不完善等困境。同时，笔者结合国内外先进实务经验，探索符合我国国情的老年社会工作优化路径，旨在推动老年社会工作专业化、本土化发展，助力构建多层次、多元化的养老服务体系，提升老年群体的生活质量与幸福感，实现积极老龄化、健康老龄化的发展目标。

Abstract: China is one of the developing countries that entered an aging society relatively early. The traditional family-based elderly care model is facing severe challenges, and single elderly care services no longer meet the needs of the elderly population. Social work adheres to the core concept of helping people help themselves and uses professional methods such as case work, group work, and community work to continuously play a role in the field of the elderly. It provides comprehensive services for the elderly, including daily care, spiritual comfort, social integration, and rights protection, and has become a professional force in responding to population aging and improving the elderly care service system. This article is based on the reality of population aging in China, sorts out the core theories and professional values of elderly social work, and carefully analyzes the current predicaments faced by elderly social work in practice, such as insufficient service supply, shortage of professional talents, low social recognition, and an incomplete policy support system. At the same time, the author combines advanced practical experiences at home and abroad to explore an optimized path for elderly social work that suits China’s national conditions, aiming to promote the professionalization and localization of elderly social work, assist in building a multi-level and diversified elderly care service system, improve the quality of life and happiness of the elderly population, and achieve the development goals of active aging and healthy aging.