老年人情绪传播调节的社区干预研究——基于社区实践的考察

A Study of Community Intervention for Regulating Emotional Contagion in Older Adults—An Empirical Examination Based on Community Practice

摘要: 随着人口老龄化加剧，老年人心理健康问题日益突出。社区作为老年人生活的主要场所，是开展情绪健康服务的重要载体。本研究基于社会情绪选择理论，采用案例分析法，梳理国内城市社区老年情绪调节干预实践，归纳出结构调整型、认知行为实践型、代际互动型和情感陪伴型四类干预模式。研究发现，现有干预虽契合老年人“追求情绪满足、维系亲密关系”的心理特征，但仍存在理论指导不足、专业能力欠缺、协同机制不健全等问题。据此提出差异化优化策略：结构调整型应完善激励保障，认知行为实践型需推进工具标准化，代际互动型要建立安全规范与评估体系，情感陪伴型须强化专业伦理建设。研究为提升社区老年情绪干预的针对性和有效性提供了理论参考与实践路径。

Abstract: As population aging intensifies, the mental health of older adults has become increasingly prominent. Communities, as the primary living environment for the elderly, serve as ideal settings for emotional health services. Grounded in socioemotional selectivity theory and using case analysis, this study identifies four types of community-based emotional regulation interventions in Chinese cities: structural adjustment, cognitive-behavioral practice, intergenerational interaction, and emotional companionship. Findings show that while existing interventions align with older adults’ preference for emotional satisfaction and close relationships, they face challenges such as insufficient theoretical guidance, lack of professional capacity, and weak multi-stakeholder coordination. Differentiated strategies are proposed: structural interventions require enhanced incentives; cognitive-behavioral interventions need standardized tools; intergenerational interventions call for safety protocols and evaluation systems; emotional companionship interventions demand stronger professional ethics. This study provides theoretical and practical guidance for improving targeted and effective emotional intervention services for the elderly in communities.