适老化改造的社会困境与治理研究

Research on Social Dilemma and Governance of Age-Friendly Renovation

摘要: 随着我国人口老龄化进程持续加速，适老化改造作为应对人口老龄化、保障老年人生活质量、促进社会公平的重要民生工程，已成为国家战略部署的重要组成部分。适老化改造涵盖居家、社区、公共空间、数字环境等多个场景，核心是通过硬件升级、服务优化、制度完善，适配老年人的生理机能与生活需求，帮助老年人实现“原居安养”，共享社会发展成果。然而，当前我国适老化改造在推进过程中，面临着供需错位、资金短缺、主体协同不足、标准缺失、认知偏差等多重社会困境，严重制约了改造的质量与实效。目前应立足我国本土实践，结合国内政策导向与地方试点经验，系统分析适老化改造的现存社会困境，深入剖析困境产生的深层原因，探索具有中国特色的适老化改造治理路径，为推动适老化改造高质量发展、完善新时代养老服务体系提供理论支撑与实践参考。

Abstract: As China’s population aging continues to accelerate, age-friendly renovation has emerged as a vital people’s livelihood project for coping with population aging, safeguarding the quality of life for older adults, and promoting social equity. It has also become an important component of national strategic deployment. Covering multiple scenarios such as home environments, communities, public spaces, and digital environments, age-friendly renovation aims to adapt to the physiological functions and living needs of older adults through hardware upgrades, service optimization, and institutional improvements, thereby helping them achieve “aging in place” and share the benefits of social development. Nevertheless, the current advancement of age-friendly renovation in China faces multiple social challenges, including supply-demand misalignment, funding shortages, insufficient multi-stakeholder collaboration, lack of standards, and cognitive biases, which severely constrain the quality and effectiveness of renovation efforts. Accordingly, it is imperative to ground our analysis in local practices, combine domestic policy orientations with local pilot experiences, systematically examine the existing social dilemmas in age-friendly renovation, deeply analyze the underlying causes of these dilemmas, and explore governance pathways with Chinese characteristics for age-friendly renovation. This will provide theoretical support and practical reference for promoting high-quality development of age-friendly renovation and improving the elderly care service system in the new era.