积极老龄化视角下农村留守老人文化养老的现实困境与优化策略

Realistic Dilemmas and Optimization Strategies of Cultural Elderly Care for Left-Behind Rural Elderly from the Perspective of Active Aging

摘要: 当前，积极应对人口老龄化已成为国家战略，农村留守老人的精神文化需求正日益凸显。本研究以积极老龄化理论为视角，聚焦农村留守老人文化养老问题，系统分析其现实困境，并探索可行的发展路径。研究发现，农村留守老人文化养老面临三重结构性困境：在需求层面，文化需求表达渠道缺失，老人自身存在养老的认知偏差，导致需求被长期压抑；在供给层面，文化设施不足且适老化程度低，供给内容同质化严重，资金来源单一、过度依赖政府财政；在环境层面，乡土文化传承断裂、文化氛围淡薄，专业人才匮乏且服务能力不足。针对上述困境，本研究提出针对性优化策略：一是聚焦需求，建立多元化需求表达机制并加强宣传引导，提升老人认知水平；二是优化供给，完善适老化设施建设、扩充多元文化服务形式、构建多元主体协同供给格局；三是营造环境，加强乡土文化传承、培育专业人才队伍。研究认为，只有从需求、供给、环境三个维度协同发力，才能真正实现农村留守老人从“老有所养”向“老有所乐、老有所为”的转变。

Abstract: At present, actively addressing population aging has become a national strategy, and the spiritual and cultural needs of rural left-behind elderly are increasingly prominent. From the perspective of active aging theory, this study focuses on the dilemmas of cultural elderly care for rural left-behind elderly, systematically analyzes its practical dilemmas, and explores feasible development paths. The study finds that cultural elderly care for rural left-behind elderly faces three structural dilemmas. At the demand level, the absence of channels for expressing cultural needs and the elderly’s cognitive bias have led to long-term suppression of their needs. At the supply level, cultural facilities are insufficient and poorly adapted to aging, the content of cultural services is highly homogeneous, and funding sources are single and overly dependent on government finance. At the environmental level, the inheritance of local rural culture is broken, the cultural atmosphere is weak, and there is a shortage of professionals with inadequate service capacity. In response to these dilemmas, this study proposes optimization strategies. First, focusing on demand, establish a diversified demand expression mechanism and strengthen publicity and guidance to improve the cognitive level of the elderly. Second, optimize the supply system by improving age-friendly facilities, expanding diversified cultural service forms, and building a multi-stakeholder collaborative supply pattern. Third, create a favorable environment by strengthening the inheritance of rural local culture and cultivating professional talent teams. The study argues that only through coordinated efforts in the three dimensions of demand, supply, and environment can rural left-behind elderly truly achieve the transformation from “being supported in old age” to “enjoying old age and achieving in old age”.