社会隔离的结构性生成与社区公共空间的再嵌入研究

A Study on the Structural Origins of Social Isolation and the Re-Embedding of Community Public Spaces

摘要: 在全球快速老龄化的结构性背景下，社会隔离已成为威胁老年人身心健康的重要社会风险。本研究超越个体主义归因，从社会学结构–行动视角出发，将社会隔离重新概念化为一种社会建构的过程，而非单纯的心理状态或个体选择。基于生命历程理论、结构化理论和社会网络理论，本文构建了社会隔离生成的三重结构性机制：空间可及性的阶层化机制、社会网络断裂与重构机制、以及集体认同消解与重建机制。在此基础上，本文进一步提出了社区公共空间的“疗愈性”概念框架，从环境赋能与场景营造两个维度建立了多维评估指标体系(生理、心理、社会、赋能、场景)。研究发现，社区公共空间并非天然具备社会整合功能。只有当空间能够为老年人提供制度化的社会参与渠道(如规律性的活动安排、可预期的社交网络、可获取的社会角色)，帮助其完成从社会脱嵌到社会再嵌入的转变时，空间才能真正发挥社会整合作用。这一功能的实现程度，取决于空间背后的社会安排是否创造了足够的结构性机会。基于此，本文提出了包括动态评估工具包、场景营造与参与式设计在内的社区公共空间优化路径。本文提出，缓解老年社会隔离需要从个体干预转向结构变革，关注空间实践中的权力关系与不平等，并通过参与式治理重建老年人的社会主体性。研究为理解老龄化社会的社会整合问题提供了新的理论视角，对构建老年友好型社会具有政策启示。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of rapid global population aging, social isolation has emerged as a significant social risk threatening the physical and mental health of older adults. Moving beyond individualistic explanations, this study adopts a sociological structure-action perspective to reconceptualize social isolation as a socially constructed process, rather than merely a psychological state or individual choice. Drawing on life course theory, structuration theory, and social network theory, this paper constructs a three-tiered structural mechanism underlying the generation of social isolation: the stratification mechanism of spatial accessibility, the mechanism of social network fragmentation and reconstruction, and the mechanism of collective identity dissolution and reconstruction. Building on this foundation, the paper further proposes a “therapeutic” conceptual framework for community public spaces, establishing a multidimensional evaluation index system (physiological, psychological, social, empowerment, and contextual) based on two dimensions: environmental empowerment and scenario creation. Existing research has found that community public spaces do not inherently possess social integration functions. Only when a space can provide older adults with institutionalized channels for social participation—such as regular activity schedules, predictable social networks, and accessible social roles—and help them transition from social disembedding to social re-embedding can the space truly fulfill its role in social integration. The extent to which this function is realized depends on whether the social arrangements underlying the space create sufficient structural opportunities. Based on this, this paper proposes a pathway for optimizing community public spaces, including a dynamic assessment toolkit, scenario-based design, and participatory design. The paper argues that alleviating social isolation among the elderly requires a shift from individual interventions to structural reforms, focusing on power relations and inequalities in spatial practices, and rebuilding the social agency of the elderly through participatory governance. This research offers a new theoretical perspective for understanding social integration issues in an aging society and provides policy implications for building an elderly-friendly society.