爆炸荷载下油气管道动态响应的研究进展

Research Progress on Dynamic Responses of Oil and Gas Pipelines under Blast Loads

摘要: 油气管道作为国家能源运输的“大动脉”，是保障能源安全与经济社会发展的关键基础设施。随着我国油气管道网络快速扩张与工程爆破活动日益频繁，邻近爆炸产生的地震波易引发管道塑性变形、焊缝开裂甚至油气泄漏爆炸等灾难性事故，开展爆破荷载下管道动态响应研究迫在眉睫。本文系统梳理了该领域国内外研究进展，对比了埋地与海底管道的结构差异及材料特性，阐述了理论分析、物理实验、数值模拟三类研究方法的技术演进与适用边界，重点剖析了爆破角度、管道铺设方式、服役环境三大核心因素对管道振动幅值与损伤模式的影响规律。研究表明，当前已形成多维度研究体系，但复杂工况下多场耦合响应机理与精准安全判据仍不完善。

Abstract: Oil and gas pipelines serve as the “main artery” for national energy transportation and are crucial infrastructure for ensuring energy security and economic development. With the rapid expansion of China’s oil and gas pipeline network and the increasingly frequent engineering blasting activities, the seismic waves generated by nearby explosions are prone to cause catastrophic accidents such as plastic deformation of the pipeline, weld cracking, and even oil and gas leakage and explosion. Therefore, it is urgent to conduct research on the dynamic response of pipelines under blast loads. This paper systematically reviews the research progress in this field both domestically and internationally, compares the structural differences and material characteristics of buried and submarine pipelines, elaborates on the technical evolution and applicable boundaries of the three research methods (theoretical analysis, physical experiments, and numerical simulation), and focuses on analyzing the influence laws of three core factors (blast angle, pipeline laying method, and service environment) on the vibration amplitude and damage mode of the pipeline. The research shows that a multi-dimensional research system has been formed at present, but the coupling response mechanism of multiple fields under complex conditions and precise safety criteria are still not perfect.