慢性湿疹的临床特征与综合诊疗进展

Clinical Features and Advances in Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Eczema

摘要: 慢性湿疹是一种累及真皮浅层及表皮的慢性炎症性皮肤病，以皮肤肥厚、粗糙、苔藓样变及剧烈瘙痒为核心特征，病程迁延反复，可发生于任何年龄和性别，严重影响患者生活质量。其病因复杂，尚未完全明确，与内外部因素共同作用密切相关，诊断需结合临床表现并与相似皮肤病鉴别，治疗以缓解症状、控制复发、修护皮肤屏障为核心，采用多维度综合干预方案。本文结合近年来国内外相关研究及临床诊疗指南，对慢性湿疹的病因机制、临床表现、诊断鉴别、治疗及护理进展进行综述，为临床诊疗及患者管理提供参考。

Abstract: Chronic eczema is a chronic inflammatory skin disease involving the superficial dermis and epidermis. It is mainly characterized by skin hypertrophy, roughness, lichenification and severe pruritus. With a protracted and recurrent course, it can occur in people of all ages and genders, seriously impairing patients’ quality of life. Its etiology is complex and not yet fully clarified, which is closely related to the combined effects of internal and external factors. Diagnosis needs to combine clinical manifestations and differentiate it from similar skin diseases. The core of treatment is to relieve symptoms, control recurrence and repair the skin barrier, adopting a multi-dimensional comprehensive intervention strategy. Based on relevant domestic and foreign studies as well as clinical diagnosis and treatment guidelines in recent years, this paper reviews the research progress on etiological mechanism, clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis, treatment and nursing of chronic eczema, so as to provide references for clinical diagnosis, treatment and patient management.