南宁市高校大学生婚育观念现状调查及选修课干预效果研究

Current Status of Marriage and Fertility Attitudes among University Students in Nanning and the Effect of an Elective Course Intervention

摘要: 目的：探讨南宁市高校大学生婚育观念的现状、影响因素及基于“临床–校园”协同模式的选修课干预效果，为高校婚育教育课程建设与生育友好型支持体系完善提供依据。方法：采用两阶段研究设计。第一阶段对南宁市高校大学生开展横断面问卷调查，分析婚姻观念、生育意愿与焦虑、生育价值观及本地化条目4个维度的现状及其人口学影响因素；第二阶段以8次课、16学时选修课为干预载体，对选课学生进行课前、课后测评，比较干预前后相关维度变化。采用t检验、单因素方差分析和多元线性回归分析。结果：问卷整体Cronbach’s α系数为0.692，KMO值为0.795，量表具有较好的可接受信度与结构效度。横断面调查显示，大学生婚育观念总体呈现理性化、审慎化和个体化并存特征。多元回归分析显示，性别是4个维度中最稳定的影响因素；在婚姻观念维度中，是否独生子女及父母婚姻状态亦进入回归方程；在本地化条目维度中，户籍和是否独生子女具有独立影响。选修课干预后，学生在婚姻责任、亲密关系理解、家庭功能认知及部分本地化支持条目上的得分改善较为明显；生育意愿与焦虑、生育价值观维度总体变化未达到统计学显著，但在科学分娩、身体恢复、母乳喂养和社会支持等具体条目上呈积极变化。结论：南宁市高校大学生婚育观念受性别、家庭结构与原生家庭经验等因素共同影响。基于附属医院产科资源与高校课程协同实施的选修课干预，有助于提升大学生对婚姻责任、科学生育与社会支持体系的理性认知，提示“临床–校园”协同式婚育教育模式具有较好的实践价值与推广潜力。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the current status, influencing factors, and intervention effect of elective courses based on a “hospital-campus” collaborative model of marriage and fertility attitudes among university students in Nanning, providing a basis for the construction of marriage and fertility education courses and the improvement of a fertility-friendly support system in universities. Methods: A two-stage research design was adopted. The first stage involved a cross-sectional questionnaire survey of university students in Nanning, analyzing the current status and demographic influencing factors of four dimensions: marriage attitudes, fertility intentions and anxieties, fertility values, and localization items. The second stage used an 8-session, 16-hour elective course as the intervention vehicle, conducting pre- and post-course assessments on the students and comparing changes in relevant dimensions before and after the intervention. t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression analysis were used. Results: The overall Cronbach’s α coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.692, and the KMO value was 0.795, indicating good acceptability, reliability, and construct validity. The cross-sectional survey showed that university students’ marriage and fertility attitudes generally exhibited a combination of rationalization, prudence, and individualization. Multiple regression analysis showed that gender was the most stable influencing factor among the four dimensions. In the dimension of marital attitudes, whether a student was an only child and the parents’ marital status also entered the regression equation. In the dimension of localization, household registration and whether a student was an only child had independent influences. After the elective course intervention, students showed significant improvements in scores on marital responsibility, understanding of intimate relationships, cognition of family function, and some localization support items. While the overall changes in the dimensions of fertility intention and anxiety, and fertility values were not statistically significant, positive changes were observed in specific items such as scientific childbirth, physical recovery, breastfeeding, and social support. Conclusion: The marital and reproductive attitudes of university students in Nanning are influenced by factors such as gender, family structure, and experiences from their family of origin. The elective course intervention, implemented collaboratively with the obstetrics resources of the affiliated hospital and university courses, helps improve university students’ rational understanding of marital responsibility, scientific childbirth, and the social support system, suggesting that the “hospital-campus” collaborative marital and reproductive education model has good practical value and potential for promotion.